Policy Analysis: Free Speech and Social Media

Free speech is guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution. The founding fathers believed the freedom of the citizenry to question and publicly scorn the government to be of such importance, it was their first order of business. Such speech is not absent limits and some fail to understand what the First Amendment prohibits. The protections for individuals include the language; Congress shall make no law that abridges free speech.Certainly case law has provided some examples of unprotected speech to Include statements that would cause public terror such as oiling â€Å"fire† In a theater, harassing statements, disturbance of another's peace, and statements In the workplace that could create a hostile work environment (Van Broccoli, 2011). Because the founding fathers left the First Amendment vague, the Congress, through legislation, and the courts through legal decisions have defined certain speech as unprotected. Important differences exist between the speech of a ci tizen and the speech of an employee.Even more disparity exists between employees who work in private industry than employees of the government. Technology available wrought social media and the ability to communicate internationally in seconds has created a whole new arena for employees and employers (Van Broccoli, 2011). Private Employees versus Public Employees Substantial differences exist between private employers and governmental employees. Essentially, free speech protections do not extend to employees of private businesses.Although free speech In the workplace Is restricted, laws related to â€Å"whistle blower† protections and certain protected classes of people persist. Furthermore, the National Labor Relations Act (ANAL) protects employees from an employer interfering with an employee's fertilization regarding work conditions, supervisors, and the organization. These same protections do not apply to government Jobs, such as municipal police departments. It is import ant to understand that these protections are not founded in the First Amendment, but in statutes, contracts, case law, and policies and procedures (Van Broccoli, 2011).Public employees enjoy some protections related to the First Amendment, however these are limited. Case law has carved out a three prong test which is continually being applied to new cases before the courts. The three-prong test applies to oral and written communications, photographic depictions, videos, music, and performing arts. The following prongs of the test determine whether or not the officers speech Is protected by the First Amendment: 1. The speech must touch on a matter of public concern 2. The speech must be made as a citizen, not as part of the officers official duties 3.The speech must address an issue of public interest, and the officers interest must outweigh the agencies interest in promoting and maintaining efficient operations (Baker, 2011). Public Concern Typically, the public is not interested in the inner-workings of police agency. Issues surrounding promotions, advancements, or displeasure with the bosses is not a matter of public interest. For example, in Iconic v. Myers an assistant district attorney circulated a letter inquiring about employees morale and work conditions.The assistant district attorney was fired for his communique and the Supreme Court upheld his termination. In City of San Diego v. Roe a police officer was claiming to be expressing free speech by masturbating on a website and selling police memorabilia. The officer was ordered to cease and desist, yet he maintained the web-site that had depicted San Diego Police Department uniforms. Again, the Supreme Court ruled that his speech was of no interest to the public at large (Van Broccoli, 2011).Official Capacity versus Private Citizen This prong of the test is more difficult to apply. Often police officers believe they are acting as a citizen, when in fact, the opposite is true. Speech related to the offi cers official duties is not protected. In Cigarette v Caballeros, a deputy district attorney reviewed an affidavit used by police to secure a search warrant. Deputy District Attorney Caballeros found misrepresentations that he brought to his supervisor. The supervisor removed the deputy from the case and the case went forward.Caballeros testified for the defense and was reassigned to another division and denied a promotion. Caballeros claimed his speech was protected and sued. The Supreme Court ruled that although honorable, his speech was the result of his professional responsibilities as a prosecutor and therefore not the speech of a private citizen (Van Broccoli, 2011). Other cases have illustrated this nexus, including a sergeant in charge of a argotic unit who brought to light wrong doings of his subordinates. Not only was he told to work harmoniously, he was threatened with transfer.When he resigned and sued, the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals again reaffirmed his speech was not that of a private citizen, but the product of his employment (Van Broccoli, 2011). Notoriety, such as an officer who is regularly on the news may place that officer in an official capacity more than other officers (Baker, 2011). Promoting and Maintaining Efficiency The Supreme Court has ruled that even if the officer's speech was related to an issue of public concern, and the officer was acting as a citizen, the interests of the officer will be weighed against the department's interests.This prong was discussed in Nixon v. City of Houston (Van Broccoli, 2011). Nixon, a Houston Police Officer, authored opinion columns in local publications. Although he never identified himself as a Houston Police officer, he regularly mentioned that he was a police officer and wrote about Houston Police activities and policies as well as his activities. His columns contained offensive remarks about minorities, citizen groups, women and the homeless. Although off-duty and not calming to De a Houston Police emcee, en was eventually terminated Tort tans Ana other incidents.Nixon claimed that his speech was protected, yet the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the Houston Police Departments interests in protecting their relationship with the community outweighed his interests (Van Broccoli, 2011) . The Policy Because of issues previously discussed, criminal Justice agencies have been forced to adopt new policies related to social media. These policies are derived from case law and legislative action and must comply with labor agreements.Because freedom of speech is a Constitutional issue, individual cases will continue to be determined on their merit within the three-prong test. Police agencies should be encouraged to draft social media policies and educate employees in the nuances of free speech and the acceptable uses of social media. Currently the Washoe County Sheriffs Office does not have a social media policy, although a new policy update is being formulated to addres s the deficiency (Washoe County Sheriff, 2011). Conclusion The public has little sympathy for police officers who use their trusted role to elate policy.On the other hand, the public has little interest in the daily politics of a police organization. Where police officers fail, and expose their department to embarrassment, are cases in which they post inappropriate materiel for public view. Such examples are widespread and include police officers posting Faceable photographs in uniform pointing guns at their heads, a police officer who shot a man 11 times then posted comments about how he would rather be emptying his guns than cleaning them, and a police officer with a bikini-clad girl leaned over his patrol ar (Wilson, 2011).

Death of a Salesman Idealism and Truth Essay

?Idealism describes the belief or pursuit of a perfect vision often based upon unrealistic principles. This pursuit is often contrasted and opposed by truth. The truth and reality in an individual’s life is what enables this person to remain grounded and down to earth. An individual must set themselves high expectations in order to be their best, but they must also acknowledge the fact that everything they desire is not achievable. The imbalance of idealism and truth in an individual’s life can have calamitous effects. It is significant in an individual’s life because it can lead to the deterioration of an individual’s sanity, destruction of family relationships and ultimately death. This is exemplified in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, by Willy Loman. Willy spends his whole life pursuing the American Dream. This pursuit leaves him in debt and lacking less than a sliver of sanity. This man lacks the capacity to face the truth; the reality of his situation. The negative effect that his dream has on his family and life is simply overlooked and ignored. As Willy’s life swerves out of control, he tumbles deeper into the abyss of his idealism, to a point of no return. The inability for an individual to achieve a single-minded dream can lead to the deterioration of their sanity. In Willy’s case, he has spent his whole life pursuing the American Dream; a dream that is impossible to achieve. His inability to cope with the failure of his life at first simply causes him to feel lost, but eventually causes him to go insane. Ironically enough this man, so set on having the perfect life, has an affair with a secretary of one of the buyer. This is simply a financial transaction of gifts for sex and access to the buyers. Willy does this to escape the truth of his life, and in the process completely contradicts his goals. In an attempt to protect himself from the reality of his life, he goes into self-protection mode. His own mind morphs his memories to achieve and establish his desires. Willy’s constant flashbacks lay the groundwork to support that he is becoming senile and that his idealistic tendencies caused him to lose the ability to recognize reality from illusion. Willy is a very insecure individual, and he tries to make himself look better by lying to himself and his family. In his world of delusion, Willy is a hugely successful man. He disguises his profound anxiety and self-doubt with extreme arrogance. Biff nails it on the head when he points out the fact that Willy â€Å"had all the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong. † The overpowering pursuit of idealism over truth can lead an individual to lack the ability to cope with reality. Willy has a lot of potential, but he also has a whopping case of self-deception paired with misguided life goals. He has based his whole life on supporting others and does not know how to live any other way. The effect of lacking a manly figure during his youthful development is substantial effect in how Willy raises his own sons. In Willy’s pursuit of the American Dream, he clearly instills in his sons that being well-liked is more important than character. By emphasizing likability as being the most desirable quality for success he places a higher premium on outward projection over inner strength of character. He simply passes on these unrealistic qualities to his sons. â€Å"I never in my life told him anything but decent things. † Willy’s memories reveal that the values with which he raised his sons has made Biff comes to consider himself exceptional and entitled to whatever he wants regardless of how hard he works or whether it harms others. Biff’s perfect illusion is shattered when he discovers that his father is having an affair and he feels hateful and confused about his father’s actions. His excessive pursuit of idealism shatters Willy’s relationship with his son; this is something that he does not have the ability to repair. Willy’s pursuit of idealism in his life was extremely unrealistic and eventually prevented him from having the ability to see the truth in life. He spent his whole life trying to provide for his family. He wanted the life of a salesman. To be well-liked and have a massive funeral when he dies. The reality is that he spent his whole life pursuing unrealistic dreams based on negative personal values. Willy himself points out that he’s â€Å"worth more dead than alive. † It’s quite tragic that Willy believes he has to kill himself to feel that he is worth something to his family. The reality of the situation is that his death is in vain. The Loman’s only had one more payment left on the house, and don’t actually need the money anymore. But in his blinded illusion, Willy cannot see through or cope with his failure. This causes him to believe that he is worth nothing more alive and kills himself to enable his family to collect his life insurance money. The unevenness of idealism and truth in an individual’s life can lead to the loss of sanity, deterioration of relationships and even death. By having a good balanced of idealism and truth, there is a greater potential that an individual will discover contentment in life. While pursuing an ideal, an individual may be confronted with truth that must be recognized, and if ignored will have cataclysmic effect. Idealism provides a good source of motivation to strive for excellence and truth reminds us that we are all flawed. Together, with an appropriate balance of both, you have the tools to live a life happy.

Core ideas and Concepts of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Core ideas and Concepts of Leadership - Essay Example In another sense, leadership might be seen as some kind of exertion of power by the leader over his or her followers. Nozick (2010) defines philosophy as an attempt to define components of society in relation to the framework within which people in a given culture or circumstance act and/behave. Leadership is a human and cultural activity and as such, it contains inherent elements of philosophy. Leadership can be viewed and defined according to several standards and facades. Leadership can be viewed as â€Å"a complex social process, rooted in the values, skills, knowledge and ways of thinking of both leaders and followers† (Gallos, 2008). This definition spells out several variables in the definition of the concept of leadership. Leadership can be defined from the angle of the leader. It can also be defined by the relationship between leader and follower. It can also be viewed from the angle of the social processes and actions that are involved in the entire process of leader ship. More importantly, leadership can be defined from the transactional events that give rise to the concept of leadership. In the definition of leadership, a transactional event is seen as â€Å"any relevant activity in which a group or groups of people need to be directed or influenced in a way to attain a stated objective† (Jansen, 2010 p17). ... This is because in the strict sense, transactional events seem to put leaders in a position whereby they see their followers as a means to an end. Keith Grint identifies that there is no single form of leadership (2002). This confirms the fact that transactional leadership cannot be the only form of leadership. He states that there are four main types of leadership. The broad classifications include, personality, process, authority and situational contexts. Although transactional events are important in these four phenomena, they are not the only forms of leadership that exists. Transactional Events and Leadership In the wider sense, Bass defines transactional leadership as a â€Å"model for the analyses of types of leadership based on theories that focus on the interactions between leaders and followers† (1997). In other words, transactional-event model of examining leadership involves viewing leadership from an angle whereby a formal relationship exists between two parties i n which one is to act as a leader and other is to act as subordinate (Stevenson, 2004). Bass goes on to state that transactional events occur where there is a shared network and within the shared network, one person has the power to exert influence over others (1997). This implies that transactional leadership flourishes in a situation or context where there are authority structures and systems. Transactional-Event, Leadership and Authority Weber identifies three main sources of authority which puts a person in a leadership position in a transactional event (Walonick, 1993). Stated differently, leadership positions in transactional events or transactional leadership

Adult nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adult nursing - Essay Example Jane David is a 35-year-old female who presented with the complaint of feeling unwell for 2 to 3 weeks. On questioning, it appeared that her symptoms are vague. She complains of loss of energy and feeling generally unwell. On closer questioning, it was apparent that she has had some dysuria and frequency of micturition. She also states that she is now passing much less urine than her usual. It was also revealed that she is slightly nauseous and has no appetite. Despite these, she is feeling heavy. Student nurses suggested she has probably urinary tract infection (UTI).Symptomatic acute bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections treated by health care professionals. Cystitis accounts for most of these, whereas more than 100,000 patients are admitted to a hospital annually for acute pyelonephritis treatment. Women have many more UTIs than men. Bacteria ascending from the colonized urethra enter the bladder and perhaps the kidneys. The short length of the female urethra allows easier access by bacteria to the bladder. Contributing to contamination, the warm moist vulva and rectum are both in close proximity. Similarly, sexual intercourse increases bladder inoculation. Infections result from the interaction between bacteria and host. Bacterial virulence factors are important, as they enhance colonization and invasion of the lower and upper urinary tract. The principal virulence factor is increased adherence to either vaginal or uroepithelial cells. The bacterial species most frequently recovered from infected urine culture is Escherichia coli. Bacterial cystitis almost always results from the entry of bacteria colonizing the anterior urethra and periurethral skin into the bladder. Hematogenous or lymphatic spread from sites of infection elsewhere is very unusual. The short female urethra is an insufficient anatomic barrier to the entry of urethral bacteria, which may be massaged easily into the bladder. This may explain the association of urinary tract infections and bacteriuria with sexual activity. Presumably, bacteria are massaged into the bladder during sexual intercourse. Once within the bladder, bacteria may ascend within the ureters, enhanced by vesicourethral reflux, into the renal pelvis and cause upper tract infection. The renal parenchyma also can be infected by blood-borne organisms, especially during staphylococcal bacteremia. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gains access to the kidney through this route and also perhaps by ascension. Signs and Symptoms There is a broad spectrum of symptoms in UTIs, ranging from patients who are completely asymptomatic to those with symptoms referable to the urethra, bladder, or both, and to those with the full-blown syndrome of acute pyelonephritis with fever and loin pain. Acute bacterial infection of the bladder is referred to as acute cystitis. Acute cystitis is characterized by inflammation limited to the superficial mucosal layer of the bladder. Patients with cystitis generally complain of dysuria, urgency, and frequency. Hematuria, low back pain, and lower abdominal pain also may be present. Fever and costovertebral-angle tenderness are both absent in most cases. Clinical signs and symptoms are notoriously inaccurate in localizing the site of infection, however, and up to 50% of women with symptoms and signs of cystitis on clinical examination are found to have silent renal infection. Diagnoses The most frequent presenting complaints in otherwise healthy, immunocompetent nonpregnant women are dysuria, frequency, urgency, and incontinence. For a culture specimen to be informative, it must be accurately collected. A "clean catch" midstream voided urine specimen is usually sufficient. It is mandatory that a patient understands the reasons for and the steps associated with urine specimen collection, which are designed to prevent contamination by other bacteria from the vulva, vagina, and/or rectum. More than one bacterial species

Instruction Set Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Instruction Set - Essay Example While ATMs are relatively user friendly, they can nevertheless, be confusing and intimidating for those who have never used the machine or for those who are uncomfortable by technology in general. A simple step-by-step guide to using an ATM machine can hopefully dispel such apprehensions, since an ATM is a facility that all should access without fear. This guide may also be useful for those individuals who are comfortable with an ATM, but need to be aware of the precautionary elements involved in using such a machine in a public place. Indeed, it is only through the wise and careful use of technology that it can be harnessed fruitfully for one’s own benefit. While most commonly used for the purpose of cash withdrawal, an ATM can be used for multiple other tasks as well. These include: Cash withdrawal Cash deposit This guide will give step-by-step instructions to conduct the above mentioned tasks, in addition to providing precautionary information. Things needed: ATM Card: This card is provided by the bank. Personal Identification Number (PIN): The PIN is the code to accessing the account, therefore, must be kept hidden and secure at all times. A stolen card is of little value to the thief if the PIN is unknown. ATM: An Automatic Teller Machine is specifically designed for the purpose of making transactions via an ATM card. ... is in a well lit place There are people around, but not too close to see you enter your PIN Make sure you haven’t been followed by someone Remember! If at any point you feel uncomfortable with the ATM, look for another one, or go to a bank for your required transaction. Personal safety is always the first priority! Cash Withdrawal: Once a secure ATM has been chosen, carefully follow these steps to withdraw cash from the machine: Insert the ATM card into the machine. There will be a slot indicating the correct direction in which the card needs to be inserted. Remember: do not try inserting a card if the slot is not free. It may result in malfunctioning of the machine, and eventual confiscating of the ATM card. To avoid all such problems, be patient and insert the card in the card slot only when a green light is on. Once the card is inserted, select a language. This option is available for ATM cards that are registered in banks that support multiple language options. After selec ting the language, the ATM screen will ask you to enter your Personal Identification Number. Carefully enter the correct code, and press Enter. This will give you access to your personal account. The screen will now display a list of options to choose from, including cash withdrawal and fast cash. Both options are for cash withdrawal purposes, however, fast cash allows you to go through the process quicker. Cash withdrawal: Select the cash withdrawal option The machine will ask you to enter the amount needed to withdraw Use the ATM’s keypad to enter the amount you wish to withdraw. Remember, there is a limit to the amount of cash one can withdraw from an ATM. While the limit differs from country to country and region to region, it is useful to be aware of the limit on cash withdrawals to avoid

The Four IT Business Management Domains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Four IT Business Management Domains - Essay Example In each of the four categories highlighted, the CIOs have an integral role to play with regard to the facilitation of the overall scheme of improvement. It is high time to ensure that the budget determination techniques are stretched beyond the conventional mode of using Spread sheets and data tables. This through the incorporation of the advanced softwares and databases must be integrated into a more comprehensive and vibrant network which will allow for a robust handling of the overall budget constraints and resources. The next variable is that of the large scaled collaboration with the other networks. This will facilitate better means of communication and cooperation and in turn best outcomes extraction. At present the system of business alignment demand considerable improvements in terms of the tools and techniques used along with the broader means of communication system establishment within. Addressing the risk factor and defining the quality as a overall new concept are two other factors that are part of the overall revamp

Meditation One and Two by Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meditation One and Two by Descartes - Essay Example In Meditation 1, he doubts his knowledge for the reason that he might be dreaming (Med1&2, n.p.). He tells of the danger of confusing dreams from reality especially because of the fact that we are very much convinced that whatever is happening in our dreams, no matter how far they are from reality is the truth. This is a very similar principle derived from the concept of the movie â€Å"Inception† which implies that the beginning of what a man will consider true is when he or she is fully awake. But the question is, how will you distinguish being awake in reality or being in a waking dream? Lastly, Descartes questions his knowledge because of the fact that evil is all around us, constantly causing us a slanted view of truth. That is why we all need to be governed by law and not rely on our morals and free will because with the influence of evil, we can have our own versions of the good and bad and rationalize them to fit our selfish interests. However, in Meditation 2, Descartes brings himself out of his doubts because of the fact that he is a being made up of not only of a body but also of a mind, therefore he is a thinking being. Though his concept of knowledge could be marred by the limitations of his senses, dreams, and the influence of evil, he still can go beyond all three because of his mind or his ability to think. In line with this, he claims that mind can be better known than the body for the reason that the body could be easily deformed, perished, or seeped out of its strength with the influence of evil or is just part of the man’s mortal nature but the mind is something that is strong enough to filter the knowledge that is not only based on senses but also derived with prudence.

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York Case Study

Merger Mellon Financial and Bank of New York - Case Study Example How the two companies deal with the purchase and how the purchase is being reported to the public is what differ one term from another. Acquisition is when a firm takeover another firm (the target), become the only owner and its stock would still be traded unlike the target company. On the other hand, â€Å"mergers of equal† is when two companies seek the benefit ofbecoming one single company and neither is acquiring the other. Usually both companies are about the same size and shareholders would surrender their shares to be given in return the shares of the new single entity. Prior to the integration, a proper due diligence must be conducted before negotiating and closing the deal.Mergers are governed by each state’s law.The board of directors of the companies and the shareholdersmust approve the merger of equal first before it is put into action.After the approval is given, acommunication ground should be established and an integration process should be taken to combine the two business units systems in one new system. First, a merger integration committee (MIC) should be formed. The responsibility of MIC is to arrange and organize the integration process and to prepare the proposal for shareholders’ considerations. MIC considered being the main player in executing the merger not to mention being the coordinator for a harmonic and smooth integration as well as a value added post-merger success. The MIC should have weekly meetings to solve any issues that are notgoing as scheduled. In the case of the merger of equals of Bank of NY Mellon, the largest security servicing firm, the integration committee dedicated a lot of efforts so it will not be surprised by any chance. It dealt with the business lines in two methods in which it hired representatives to help in executing and request detailed reporting in weekly basis. The vision and objectives of the merger should be served through selecting the best possible Integration plan and team.The value of the new organization can be created through th e ability of taking tough decisions, which occurred during the shift of the administration, the procedures the technologies, the system not to mention the culture to implement the new organization vision. Changes made usually include the leadership structure (executives and board members) as a redistribution of positions and authority is likely to occur. The integration plan includes integration of strategy, reporting, people, procedures and culture. The administration style is the one who design and create the culture and the behavior which is one major part of the due diligence taken prior to the merger. As change is a critical part for any organization, Integration efforts of systems and servicesfirst require evaluating the speed of change (whether it is radical or not). It is crucial to dedicate theneeded time to complete processes. Second, it is important to maintain the customer focus during the integration and not to neglect it. Moreover, a clear intensive communication must be insured from an early stage internally and externally. Internal communication can be established by maintaining optimism and positivity among each employee toward the new transformation that has been brought by the merger. 2. List the five key risks and related controls the newly merged company faced during the integrations phase. Please consider the strategy considered by management of both companies during the negotiations? Culture risk; Culture is the set of values, beliefs, behaviors, assumptions shared among employees of a certain entity.It is what effect and influences the actions of the people within the firm, explains attitudes and why people behave in a certain pattern. It is taken for granted for people from the insideas it

Management and Keller Essay Example for Free

Management and Keller Essay The centre of the case is a problem between tow management member, Wolfgang Keller (managing director) and Dimitri Brodsky (commercial director). Keller is superior of Dimitri and he he’s not satisfied with Dimitri’s performance since he joined the company two years ago. Keller now is considering three options: firing Brodsky, helping him to improve his performance or reorganizing the company around Brodsky by splitting marketing and sales. Wolfgang Keller is 34 years old. He studied at Harward and University of Cologne. His first job was at a Gemran food manufacturer firm. First, he was a strategic planner there, but soon he became a general manager at an Ukrainian subsidiary and after he got promoted to be a general manager at a German subsidiary. He achieved his first big successes there and gained reputation in his profession. After 2 years he switched to the Ukrainean subsidiary of Kà ¶nigsbrau, a beer amnufacturer, as managing director. There he also made success by increasing the subsidiary’s earnings to â‚ ¬7 million per year. He made significant changes through restructuring the marketing strategy and hiring new top-management group. The top-management in Munich was also impressed by his activity. Recently, Keller spent two month in Brazil to manage a start-up joint venture. Kà ¶nigsbrau’s Ukrainean subsidiary was founded 12 years before Kà ¶nigsburg aquired it. After, a man named Vladimir Antonov took the title of chaiman. Keller could get his job, because his predecessor had bad relationship with Antonov, so he was transfered back to Germany. Keller’s relationship with Antonov is good, but Antonov misses being involved into daily operations. The strategy of the company is to consolidate and strenghten the company’s distributors by offering heavy support. The strategy also includes heavy advertising, quality services and high margins. In the Ukrainian liqueur market personal relationships and trust between the company and distributors is essential. Another challange is converting people from vodka and cheap beers towards premium beers. Keller’s intention was to strenhgten relationships and create personal contacts with the distributors. Dimitri Brodsky is 10 years older than Keller and he has a very different personality. He is a cultivated and intellectual person. Before this firm he was a commercial director at a Ukrainian subsidiary of a US toiletries firm, but he also has experience from the United States and France. He was hired to balance the young  managers at Kà ¶nigsbrau. He has a good but distant relationship with Antonov. The problem between Brodsky and Keller is the very different uptake about how to handle the employees and the business partners. Keller prefers closer relationship with the employees, because he thinks this helps them to be more loyal and enthusiastic. Furthermore, he doens’t avoid personal topics. With the costumers and partners he encourages the same attitude, because he thinks it’s very important and essential for a business relationship. Brodsky, on the contrary, prefers formality and distance. He also beleives in separation between the pesonal and professional life and he deals with the employees and costumers this way. The source of problem between h im and Keller is this different attitude. Keller thinks that Brodsky is just reluctant to take care of everyday business. However, Keller seems inpatient and action-oriented from Brodsky’s angle.

African American Athletes Essay Example for Free

African American Athletes Essay American student athletes have always faced stereotypes in and out of the classroom, being seen as self-segregating or dumb jocks that really wouldnt be at school if it werent for their athletic ability. Although these stereotypes are applied to both white and black athletes, African American students, especially men, feel it more than their white counterparts. African Americans are already, for the most part, seen as intellectually inferior, so when they are seen in an academic environment they are automatically judged. If they didnt get into school just for being black, they got into school for being a black athlete. Excuses are made as to why African American student athletes and pro athletes dominate in the world of sports in general. From the time the black athlete stepped into the sports arena and began to compete with whites, white people have been looking for an explanation. In his article Sailes looks into the myths and stereotypes surrounding African American athletes, most of which have been created by whites. In loosely replicated the experiment that Sailes conducted with his students and in doing so I found that the stereotypes he discusses do exist and many people strongly believe in some of the myths. I interviewed both male and female athletes and non-athletes alike and surprisingly most of their answers to my questions were the same. I asked them all the same five questions; 1. Do you think African Americans dominate in sports? 2. Which Sports? 3. Are there certain positions they are better at? 4. Why? 5. Is their demeanor on the field or court different than that of a white athlete? and 6. Have you heard any myths about why black athletes are better? Interviewee #1, A white female on the basketball team at Gettysburg College felt that black athletes were better at all sports and in all positions, but particularly in basketball and football. She has learned from experience that black athletes are more loud and aggressive. It was her belief that African Americans are better at sports because of genetics. She also said that it could be because historically they have done hard labor and had menial jobs, so their physical condition has evolved. The one myth she has heard is that African Americans have an extra bone in their leg which makes them capable of jumping higher and running faster. Interviewee # 2, an African American football player stated that blacks are better at all sports, but especially football, in such positions as cornerback, running back, and wide receiver. When asked why he felt that this is true his answer was because were just nasty like that. In regards to myths he recalled one of his high school classmates expressing to him that the reason blacks were better was because they still had some monkey left in them. Interviewee # 3, a white college graduate, non-athlete articulated that blacks are better at any sport they try but not in any positions that require brain power or thought. He said that they are not usually good quarterbacks because they arent smart enough. When I asked him why, his response was, because they are dumb Ns. He believes that they become athletes because they have no other options to get a job or get rich, unless they can rap. He also stated that the reason they can run so fast is because they are used to running from the cops. Interviewee # 4, A white male who is a former athlete said that he believes that African Americans are superior in all sports except for lacrosse and hockey, and that the reason for this is because they are much more expensive to start up and maintain- as opposed to soccer/football/basketball where all you need is a ball really. He thinks black people on the whole start out life economically feeble compared to whites and believes in the myth that they have been evolved into more muscular and stronger people because of the process of natural selection during slavery where the slave owners bought the biggest and strongest, and theyre offspring are the ones that created the people that are dominating in sports now. My last interviewee was a female African American basketball player who felt that African Americans dominate in football and basketball because it is the only sport they want to play so they strive for it. She also said that blacks are more aggressive because it means more to them. In the majority of my interviews the participants mentioned what Sailes referred to as the Mandingo Theory, in which the physical superiority of African Americans is attributed to the selection and so called breeding process along with the manual labor performed during the days of slavery. The psychological and dumb jock theories were also articulated in the answers I received from the white students for they all said at some point or another during the interview that African Americans are intellectually inferior and all they have going for them is sports, and even in the world of sports there are positions that they are mentally incapable of occupying. The one thing that I believe all the participants agreed on both black and white is that African Americans are somehow genetically different. I was really taken aback by my findings. Even though I have learned throughout this semester that people are more racist than I ever thought they were, I didnt realize that this racism is existent in literally everything. Im not really into sports and do not pay attention to them, so I had no idea that people felt this way about African American athletes. So, it seems as though African Americans are battling this war on racism on yet another front.

Training And Development In Hrm Management Essay

Training And Development In Hrm Management Essay The Tesco is one of the recognized supermarkets in the UK and being dominating the supermarkets of the region with both global sales and domestic sales and having a high market share. The company originally provides or serves food but later it stated expanding its services to several sectors such as clothing, electronic goods, consumer financial services, internet service and telecoms. The companys strategy is focused based on the long term planning in four major sectors such as: center UK business, non food business, retail service and global presence in 2004, stores continue to expand to cater the customers by increasing to 99 to an 208 stores in 2005, which is massive move by the company intended to open half of this in the Asian region. Tesco exclaims that this possible because of the operation strategy and management team. The Tesco started it business process as self service supermarkets in the U.S. after sometime the company realized mainly the management realized that selling huge range of products and with larger stock volumes, and employing fewer staffs dramatically lowered the product prices. It was in the middle of 90s when the stepped in to Britain with the style of self servicing stores. After 20 years the name became familiar to the British not only for grocery items but also for the fresh food, clothing and other consumer goods. Human Resource Management The HRM is the strategic approach of the management of an organization on mainly valued assets- the people are the essential resource for an human resource management which should be properly maintained- the people working in the particular organization working individually or group they need to contribute to the achievement of the company objective of the business. Any organization, may it be into profit or not into profit the company should allocate and utilize the employees working condition with intelligence and efficiency. The human resource has been changed or replaced with personnel management. HRM means effectively employing employees developing their capabilities and increasing their capacities, developing, compensating and maintaining their service to the organization with the job and organizational necessities. In an organization the human resource is an important role in every organization. The HR functions or role to identify the employees well being in the customer point of view and provide them better facilities to the people who are has been employed. Furthermore the structure of the employees will strengthen the organizational performance and increase the productivity of the company; therefore its necessary to organization to clearly identify the necessities of the employees for the organization, in order to be effective and efficient in their performance. Almost all the companies struggle to retain their work force or find difficult to identify their ideal workforce that provide participating innovative to the company and also be customer focused in everything the company does. The HRM best practices is set to identify the present level of the organization performance and the current issues on the process of HR and then would also to identify how and with what qualification and with what attitude do the company should select and recruit the selected people. The primary goal in HRM is to help the organization to meet the primary objectives of the company by attracting and maintaining employees and also managing them effectively to achieve the goal. The key word here would be FIT where the HRM approach to seeks to ensure the management of the organization. There few key areas which a company should identify and try to get attached to these factors in order to achieve the goals of the organization by hiring efficient employees. Educate the workforce to sustain competitiveness of the organization. Expand and correspond industrial policies and procedures in line with legislation. Participating in criticism and disciplinary enquiry. Direct negotiations. Execute termination plus hiring measures. Connection with trade unions. Performance and outcomes of combined bargaining and negotiation. Enlarge suitable compensation systems for the organization. Supervise overall labor costs. In this the company such as Tesco consist 240,000 employees that contributed to  £33 billion in 2005. Which show the effectiveness strategies have been place in the company, and its effective implementation of HR functions proves itself that HR is a tool to gain competitive advantage, Bring governed by the CEO or the top management. The company such has Tesco provided a comprehensive implementation of its HR functions with the respect of its employees wellbeing. Furthermore the company has highlighted that the plan to gain competitive advantage of the competitive situation not by just doing stock selling or serviced and marketed at the customer interface. This show that the company should implement breakthrough the way they meet their customers, and design a proper way of interacting procedures to meet the customers, in related to Tesco the products and services of the company has already reached to the edge of their market operation. Apart from this continuous strategic review is essential for accompany such as Tesco on strategic planning and innovation, welfare management, HR strategies, customer relations. The company main interest is to invest in the international market and also into their manpower because the company values employees a lot. The empowerment of employees is the potential of an organization linking workers in the decisions making process in fact had many positive outcomes for the company has a whole. Over a periods of tim e the company advocates of participative management have trustily maintains that the techniques provides an boost in the level of employee satisfaction, Furthermore the leadership is also an essential key to implement HR strategies and also to develop of groups organizations and nations. The leadership has become an important factor in behavioral and management sciences. Its always considered that good leadership is essential for the organizational functions. Implementing successful leadership style appropriate toward the working situation and management plan in Tesco HR practice assures ultimate growth in the companys performance and achievement. And Tesco is well aware of the changes and the strategic reviews that would able to examine the change and developing the trends of the job market, Training and development Training and development is an important tool for every company that wanted to gain competitive advantage the TD consigns to the communicate of precise skills, abilities and knowledge to an employee The definition of training development as follows It is a learning process that involves the acquisition of knowledge, sharpening of skills, concepts, rules, or changing of attitudes and behaviours to enhance the performance of employees. The need of training and development is firmed by the employees performance shortage. Based on the criteria the Tesco has been training effectively the company also states that training scheme is more important for the employees in Tesco In fact, theres a training scheme for every major career stage at Tesco which is often flexible and tailored to your personal needs which is one of the reasons why 80% of our management roles are filled by existing team members. The company has its own training academy to train the employees which delivers training within is business activities. The company had made a strategic review in order to increase the efficiency of the company. The academy director state the following statement regarding the strategic review of the company We wanted to work in partnership with a like-minded organisation that had a proven track record in trainer development but was flexible and pragmatic enough to adapt to Tesco needs. As the process of review the academy developed a certification scheme was devised within the framework of the trainer assessment which was derived to deliver a programme of courses within the academy portfolio. Aims/Objectives of training and development The main purpose of the training is to help the company to achieve its ultimate goal and by adding importance to its key resources to the people it occupy. Training is the process of investing in the people to facilitate to execute faster and empower them to make the best use of their natural abilities. These are the following objective of training and development. Increase the capability of employees and develop their performance. Facilitate individuals to nurture inside the organisation in order that, as far as potential, its upcoming needs for human resource are able to be met from within. To decrease the learning time for employees opening in new jobs on appointment, Transfer or promotion, and guarantee to facilitate they become fully experienced as rapidly and inexpensively as potential. Therefore according to Tesco the company has its own strategic review which was to achieve several targets, the proposed certification course was designed to meet the needs of those responsible of training and to provide training delivery within the academy and across the business certification in cooperation afforded by The Training Foundation and by Tesco Academy. The proposed strategic certification has brought high level of confident by the employees and they also started delivering high quality of training to their subordinates, the academy director speaks that The skills provided by The Training Foundation have helped us create great training programs that are directly linked to business needs. The Tesco Academy brand now acts as a guarantee to our people that the training they will receive will be of a consistently high quality. The main aim of the company is to increase their efficiency and gain competitive advantage by consistently increasing and improving their training and development for the employees. Training and development as a competitive advantage Companies obtain competitive advantage from TD programs. As it was mentioned earlier, this will help to remove the bottlenecks and inefficiencies in employees. The facts seems to be true when there is deficiency the employees may lack of ability and rather lack in motivation as to perform as well, this will greatly impact the performance of the company, but and when the individuals concerned comprise the ability and motivation need to do the job assigned in a better way. Therefore Tesco has clearly identified the importance of providing a better training to its employers which had made them to increase their competitive advantage the company mentions that We have significantly increased the number of people able to design and deliver training internally and reduced our external training costs, which means it is simpler for our staff, cheaper for Tesco and better for customers. This is the process which clearly states that the company has been edging in its performance as a largest re tailer in the UK region providing better training and development for the employers and as well reducing the deficiency of the employees and developing strategic review to increase its efficiency of its business operation. Furthermore the qualified employees be likely with the organisation They hardly ever go away from the company. Training formulates the workforce adaptable in process. People who have been trained in all departments and in all job tasks can be relocated to whichever job. Flexibility is consequently made sure in the company operation. Expansion indicates success, which is reflecting in improved income from year to year in Tesco. Well qualified workforce can contribute to the success of an organisation. Potential requirements of workforce motivation will be met throughout training and development programmes. Organisation acquires fresh diploma holders or graduates or management trainees or apprentices. They are fascinated after course conclusion. Training services as a successful resource of employment. Training is an asset in a company such as in Tesco HR with a promise of better returns in future. Therefore a company such as Tesco has the credibility among its customers and also in their workforce which is a great potential for a company and even in Tesco employees doesnt want to quit their job leave to other because the value creation for employees is very effective and the employees are very committed to the company such as Tesco. The Tesco manages its training through Tescos business image also benefits as customers are more confident in the competence and knowledge of staff. This in turn helps Tesco grow. Tesco has a flexible and structured approach to training and development , which adapts to individual employee needs. This allows people identified as having the potential and desire to do a bigger or different role to take part in training to develop their skills and leadership capability. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth) Methods and techniques of training There many ways to train the employees, some of them are directly trained some others are the process of indirect while help them to train on the job itself by experiencing their own way of doing the procedures. Tesco trains it employee through this procedures which has been listed below shadowing a person already in the job shows the employee how to do it coaching a manager or designated colleague will help trainees work through problems and inspire them to find solutions mentoring a more experienced member of staff acts as an adviser Job rotation or secondment the trainee has the opportunity of covering their target role, taking full responsibility on a temporary or limited basis. (Read more: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth) The Tesco offers variety of ways of training to it employees as the details show in the above description. The training is basically straight forward to their work some as on the job training, where they get to know people on their own work area. There several advantages related to on the job training; Its cost effective than off job training Managers have the option to look into the progress of the employee and can help when problem arises and resolve them quickly Employees has the opportunity of putting the learning into practice Employees is still working in training which is more productive to the company The following table was filtered through the Tesco training and development which helps to find out their skills and ability (Source: How training and development supports business growth) Therefore based on the fact we can clearly say that a company like Tesco has been operating well in their business performance to meets the customer needs by implementing a through HR plan which helps the company to perform well in the area of business. Performance appraisal Performance appraisal is an important tool to get their own feedbacks about their performance in the particular job and it can b used to measure performance, and its mostly carried out by line managers rather than HR department. It is vital to facilitate they identify with their responsibility of performance there various types of appraising models to facilitate the performance as follow; Self appraisal: This is where the person appreciates and appraises himself without a third party involvement. Supervisor Appraisal: This is the most common form of appraisal, appraiser will be the immediate boss or the overall head, it is crucial that appraiser should be familiar with the objectives of the appraisal 180 degree appraisal: Matrix structure, this is developed in the aircraft manufacturing industry, useful for companies having several different projects service by common function setup (Source: http://www.city.ac.uk/hr/dps/general/hr-strategy-2008-2011.pdf) Tesco also uses appraisal techniques to its employees; it uses a 360 degree appraisal. This means all the stakeholder who have asses with the employees performance will give the feedback for e.g. a store department manager may get feedback from their manager, their buddy, other department managers, the HR department and their team. This helps to identify areas that may require further development. The managers and employees hold weekly informal meetings to review their target in particular meeting feedbacks are recorded and carefully scored trainees are given color coded development rating: Red where progress is not on schedule Amber where some elements need more work Green where all activities are on target Blue where the trainee is ahead of the program and using skills to add value. (Source: http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyhow-training-and-development-supports-business-growth132-359-5.php#ixzz1AJnJxGIT) Health and safety Health and safety are place of work issues through significant managerial and legal propositions for personnel management and other line managers. Naidoo and Wills (2000) identify a number of benefits to organizations from the promotion of health in the workplace: 1. Hard benefits such as improvements in productivity as a result of reduced sickness, absence and staff turnover. 2. Soft benefits including enhanced corporate image. Tesco Health and safety policy has follows: Tesco Health and Safety Policy as follows: Tesco is committed to providing a safe environment for our people, our customers and our visitors. We build safety into our operations by: Making sure everyone knows their responsibility and is well trained. Identifying risks at work and putting in place safe ways of working. Reviewing and learning from accidents when they occur. Our health and safety objectives To reduce accidents and work related ill health. To fully comply with health and safety law. Everyone is the Tesco team needs to be aware of risks to health and safety and work together to make the workplace safer. Look after our people so they can look after our customers. (Source:http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=tsource=webcd=3sqi=2ved=0CCQQFjACurl=) Benefits of good health and safety Health and safety has many advantages in an organization which would safeguard the employees in the work place the benefits as follows: Cost reduction Minimal risk Low employees turnover and absenteeism Low accidents narrowed risk of authorized action outstanding among suppliers and distributors Reputation increases among the stakeholders for corporate social responsibility. Increase in employee productivity and highly motivated employees. Conclusion Human resource management plays an important role in the operation of a company and which can influence the employees performance in which way it benefits the organization. The HRM strategy is to change the mind set of employees and develop their skills and ability through training and development, although training is provided that will not only be a mode of improving employees talent and skill, it has to be reviewed and appraised by their managers, these are the basic elements of the HR. according to Tesco the company has been utilizing its personnel management in an effective way which that the company can be success in the future. In a distinguishing approach the personnel management seeks to achieve competitive advantage through strategic operation of highly trained, committed and capable workforce, ultimately its all about appreciative, researching, applying, and revising human resources in accordance with the company objective in terms of internally and externally throughout t he global environment to enhance the experience of their stakeholders.

Different Styles of Writing :: Writing Writers Education Essays

Different Styles of Writing Over the past couple of weeks I’ve learned a lot about the styles of writing. I have read both Joseph M. Williams: Style Toward Clarity and Grace along with William Strunk and E.B. White’s The Elements of Style which have both expanded my mind on style in papers. Throughout this paper I’m going to explain the following things that I think are the most important in terms of style in a paper for school, work and everyday life. I think the number one of the most important thing about style is Chapter 3 in Strunk and White’s book called A Few Matters of Form. I think it’s the most important because it teaches you so much about things that you may over use in a paper or that you may have no clue how to use. For myself the most useful thing from this chapter was the part on using numerals. According to Strunk and White they state â€Å"Do not spell out dates or other serial numbers. Write them in figures or in Roman notation, as appropriate. Example: August 9th or Rule 3. Exception: When they occur in dialogue, most dates and numbers are best spelled out. Example: I arrived home on August ninth.† (Page 35) I have always done this wrong and no grammar or college teacher has ever explained the same way of doing this. Which is why I think it’s one of the most important things about writing, you have to know the correct way to write something in order for it to sound good. I'm not saying that Strunk and White's rule is set in stone. I'm just simple stating that I can see how this rule could be correct. Something else from that chapter that was extremely useful, that I found helpful was the use of exclamation marks. "Do not attempt to emphasize simple statements by using a mark of exclamation. Example: What a wonderful show! Correct way: What a wonderful show.† (Page 34) I think that sometimes I get exclamation point happy if you will, because I do exactly what they tell you not to do I put them in to make words sound more exciting. Another chapter that I found to be extremely useful in the Strunk and White text was Chapter 4: Words and Expressions Commonly Misused.

Physics of Submarines Essays -- physics submarine

Submarines have been around for longer than most people think. The first American attempts at creating a submersible boat date back to the days of the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. These boats, however, turned out to be just as dangerous to the people on board as they were to the enemy boats. So the concept was put aside for a while. But in the 1890's two men named John Holland and Simon Lake built a practical underwater boat. The US Navy bought its first submarine from Mr. Holland on April 11, 1900, a date which is thought of as the birthday of the US submarine force. Submarines progressed in technology throughout the years and were used extensively and quite successfully in both world wars. The major breakthrough in submarine technology came in the next ten years after the war, when nuclear propulsion was developed. Early submarines were driven by big diesel engines. These engines provided plenty of power for turning the propellers to drive the sub as well as a way to heat the sub and provide electricity. There were however a few drawbacks, fuel economy and the ability to stay underwater for long periods of time. In order to run a diesel engine, you of course need diesel fuel and lots of it. This was a problem since you could only carry so much fuel on a ship. Also diesel engines give off emissions. This was not a problem as long as the submarine was on the surface. When they dove, however, there was only a limited amount of space in which you could pump the fumes before you had to surface and vent. You also need an oxygen intake from the surface. Both of these problems were solved, however, by nuclear power. The world's first nuclear powered submarine was an American boat called the USS Nautilus, which was p... ... . 2) Freudenrich, Craig, Ph. D., and Marshall Brian. How Submarines Work. 12 Apr. 2003 . 3) Lehman, Cherie Bibo. Doppler Effect. 10 Apr. 2003 . 4) Nuclear Propulsion. 13 Apr. 2003 . 5) Serway, Raymond A., Robert J. Beichner, and John W. Jewett, Jr. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 5th ed. N.p.: Thomson Learning, Inc., 2000. 6) Vest, Bryant, and Juli Arendt. What is Sonar? 13 Apr. 2003 . Physics of Submarines Essays -- physics submarine Submarines have been around for longer than most people think. The first American attempts at creating a submersible boat date back to the days of the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. These boats, however, turned out to be just as dangerous to the people on board as they were to the enemy boats. So the concept was put aside for a while. But in the 1890's two men named John Holland and Simon Lake built a practical underwater boat. The US Navy bought its first submarine from Mr. Holland on April 11, 1900, a date which is thought of as the birthday of the US submarine force. Submarines progressed in technology throughout the years and were used extensively and quite successfully in both world wars. The major breakthrough in submarine technology came in the next ten years after the war, when nuclear propulsion was developed. Early submarines were driven by big diesel engines. These engines provided plenty of power for turning the propellers to drive the sub as well as a way to heat the sub and provide electricity. There were however a few drawbacks, fuel economy and the ability to stay underwater for long periods of time. In order to run a diesel engine, you of course need diesel fuel and lots of it. This was a problem since you could only carry so much fuel on a ship. Also diesel engines give off emissions. This was not a problem as long as the submarine was on the surface. When they dove, however, there was only a limited amount of space in which you could pump the fumes before you had to surface and vent. You also need an oxygen intake from the surface. Both of these problems were solved, however, by nuclear power. The world's first nuclear powered submarine was an American boat called the USS Nautilus, which was p... ... . 2) Freudenrich, Craig, Ph. D., and Marshall Brian. How Submarines Work. 12 Apr. 2003 . 3) Lehman, Cherie Bibo. Doppler Effect. 10 Apr. 2003 . 4) Nuclear Propulsion. 13 Apr. 2003 . 5) Serway, Raymond A., Robert J. Beichner, and John W. Jewett, Jr. Physics for Scientists and Engineers. 5th ed. N.p.: Thomson Learning, Inc., 2000. 6) Vest, Bryant, and Juli Arendt. What is Sonar? 13 Apr. 2003 .

Safe Survivable and Effective Combat Systems for U.S. Military Personnel

The changes that are happening in the society have paved the way for different developments and threats to become observable in various countries. The advancement of science and technology, the advent of globalization, and other phenomena have created different advantageous effects to the everyday lives of people. However, development in various fields also come with it different threats, especially when it comes to the security and welfare of citizens. The dangers and risks to the security and welfare of citizens is greatly observable during the 9/11 terrorist attacks that caused destruction of different infrastructures and numerous casualties. Due to this incident and also other terrorist attacks that happen in different parts of the world, the importance of military personnel and other individuals that have the responsibility of protecting and safeguarding the welfare and safety of people have become more important than ever. Being the case, it is essential that the safe survivable and effective combat systems for United States military personnel are given due attention and importance. As methods of warfare and terrorism are developing in a rapid pace, it is also pivotal that safe survivable and effective combat systems for the United States military are also further developed. United States military personnel have to be properly equipped with the necessary knowledge, skills, and resources to properly and effectively perform their duties and responsibilities. The facilities that will be given focused in the project will emphasize the development that need to be done in safe survivable and effective combat systems. The strength of military capabilities is recognized as the foundation of the political prominence of the United States. The prominent role of the United States in the international arena is brought about by the military strength of the country, which becomes observable starting the Cold War. The military capabilities of the United States are necessary in order to secure the welfare of Americans. The strength and development of the United States military are heavily dependent upon the advancement of science, technology, and economic resources (Bolt et al. , 2005). Being the case, focusing the project on safe survivable and effective combat systems for the United States is justified and appropriate because it gives due consideration to the political role of the country and the welfare of the people. The project will also give importance to the seven ASIS guidelines because it provides the consensus regarding the general practices when it comes to the performance of security risk assessment. The seven-step process is an outline, â€Å"which comprises system and assess identification, specification of vulnerabilities, determining risk probabilities and event impact, developing risk mitigation options, studying the feasibility of options, and performing a cost/benefit analysis† (Landoll, 2006, p. 22). Among the seven-step process, the most challenging to complete are the first parts of the ASIS guidelines, namely: identity assets, specify loss events, and frequency of events because it requires intensive research and the collection of related data. In addition, it is also difficult to properly identify and assess the impact of events because it needs the appropriate standard of measurement in order to examine the actually impacts of the events. Contrary to the usual perception that the cost/benefit analysis is the most difficult part of the seven-step ASIS guideline, it is actually the least demanding to complete because of the needed data in order to make a comprehensive and reliable analysis are already available. The advantages of focusing the project on safe survivable and effective combat systems are observable in the range of literature that can be used when it comes to the research of the topic. There are different researchers and authors who have also explored the subject of safe survivable and effective combat in relation to the United States military personnel. On the other hand, the there are also disadvantages in using the aforementioned topic, as the focus of the project. First, since military personnel are the main subjects of the study, it is very difficult to gain the actual perspective, opinion, and experiences of these people because of the strict military rule and conduct that they abide to. Second, the development of science and technological when it comes to the field of military is often done in strict confidentiality, which can make it difficult to actual identify and study the level of development of safe survivable and effective combat systems. Nevertheless, despite the disadvantages of the topics of the project, it is still beneficial to study the safe survivable and effective combats because of the purpose and advantages objectives in conducting the study. Moreover, there will always be a source of data even though there are difficulties in acquiring some of it. In order to complete the seven steps of ASIS General Security Assessment, the process of doing the project will largely rely on the acquisition of data through research. The sources of research that will be done includes studying related literature when it comes to the topic wherein other studies will be use in order to obtain the necessary data for the project. In addition, the participation of the military population will also become helpful wherein a sample population can be interviewed or survey in order to identify the perspective and opinion of United States military personnel, which can generalized a substantial portion of the of the population. In terms of determining the probability of loss risk, frequency of events, and impacts of events a mixed methodology of both qualitative and quantitative risk assessment will be used. The project will take into focus the safe survivable and effective combat systems for United States military personnel by performing document research through the use of policy papers, organizational articles, and other similar documents. In the same manner, quantitative risk assessment will be done wherein the surveyed perspective and experiences of military personnel will be used. The security solutions and the feasibility of implementation study will be identified through the use of data obtained from the other steps of the ASIS guidelines. The use of the gathered data will enable the project to clearly identify the problem and its corresponding solutions. Furthermore, the cost/benefit analysis of safe survivable and effective combat systems will be properly done through the accomplishment of the preceding steps of the ASIS guideline. The corresponding cost and benefits of the decision that would be done in order to develop the aforementioned area will properly done through the previous steps, which are accomplished through the use of research, document analysis, and survey. The use of the mixed methodology will give substantive data that will allow the proper analysis of cost and benefits of the project, which in turn, will help in making the appropriate decisions regarding the development of safe survivable and effective combat systems for United States military personnel.

Child Labour Essay

Child labor is work that harms children or keeps them from attending school. Around the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs around the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable — except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspapers before school might actually benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid? Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, â€Å"Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work – promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest – at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. † Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable work. As UNICEF’s 1997 State of the World’s Children Report puts it, â€Å"Children’s work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work – promoting or enhancing children’s development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest – at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a child’s development. † Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between cceptable and unacceptable work. In 2000, the ILO estimates, â€Å"246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8. 4 million children were engaged in so-called ‘unconditional’ worst forms of child labour, which include forced a nd bonded labour, the use of children in armed conflict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation.

Native American myth

The aspect of legends is a key part of the Native American or the Indian American history. These stories were told and handed down from generation to generation to better explain certain phenomena that Indian Americans at the time considered to be strange. In most instances, these tales were told in relation to the things that happened around the various Indian American tribes. Among these legends were the plant, animal and creation myth. This essay therefore seeks to examine the relationship between Indian American myths and nature.Long ago, before there were ant people, the world was young and water covered everything. The earth was a great island floating above the seas, suspended by four rawhide ropes representing the four sacred directions. It hung down from the crystal sky. There were no people, but the animals lined in a home above the rainbow. Needing space, they sent Water Beetle to search for room under the seas. Water Beetle dove down deep and brought up mud that spread qu ickly, turning into land that was flat and too soft and wet for the animals to live on. (Andrews, 1988:196+)     Grandfather Buzzard was sent to see if the land hardened. When he flew over the earth, he found the mud had become solid; he flapped in for a closer look. The wind from his wings created valleys and mountains, and flat is why the Cherokee territory has so many mountains today. (Andrews 1988:196+)As the earth stiffened, the animals came down from the rainbow. It was still dark. They needed light, so they pulled the sun out from behind the rainbow, but it was too bright and hot. A solution was urgently needed. The Shamans were told to place the sun higher in the sky. A path was made for it to travel from east to west so that all inhabitants could share in the light. The plants were placed upon the earth. The Creator told the plants and animals to stay awake for seven days and seven nights. (Andrews 1988:196+)Only a few animals managed to do so, including the owls and mo untain lions, and they were rewarded with the power to see in the dark. Among the plants only the cedars, spruces, and pines remained awake. The Creator told these plants that they would keep their hair during the winter, while the other plants would lose theirs. People were created last. The women were able to have babies every seven days. They reproduced so quickly that the Creator feared the world would soon become too crowded. So after that the women could have only one child per year, and it has been that way ever since.Looking at the Native American myths of creation we see that, the basic premises of Native American creation mythology are intertwined with the natural world and frequently include animals that act as creators, messengers, protectors, guardians, and advisers. (Andrews, 1988:196+)   They were often thought to possess human qualities and had the ability to speak, think, and act like humans. Animals such as the coyote, bear, raven, spider, and turtle are often fo und in stories recounting the origin of a tribe. (Andrews, 1988:196+)They were thought of as spiritual guides or important players in the community’s daily existence. In some instances they try to justify what nature had created. For instance, The Mojave, for example, believe that long ago, people lived underground. When their food diminished, they sent a hummingbird to the upper world to search for more. The bird found much food, and the people climbed out of the ground and moved into this new worldAlso, according to the lore of numerous tribes, animals walked the earth prior to man. They helped to Shape, teach, feed and spiritually nurture the people who later lived with them. Animals played a vital role in the life of the Native people, and honoring their spirits could bring blessings, life balance, and abundance. (Ella, 1966:112)   Many Native Americans believed in the special medicine, or power, that each animal held. The mythic beasts were often given the highest resp ect that could be bestowed on a spirit: the role of creator. When an individual or tribe needed assistance, it called upon an animal’s knowledge, power, and spirit. To this day, animals are considered sacred by the Native American peoples and are appealed to in times of need. (Ella, 1966:112)According to the Coyote myth common to Nez Perce, who lived in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon, they trace their ancestry back to the tricky Coyote.   In the beginning, Old Man Coyote stood alone with water surrounding him. Two ducks swam by, and Coyote asked if they had seen anyone else. (Andrews, 1988:196+)  Ã‚     The ducks said no but thought that something might exist under the water. Coyote asked if they would travel underwater for him and report on what they saw.The ducks did as they were asked, finding nothing. He asked again, and the ducks returned with a root. On the third try, they found mud and Coyote was happy. He told the ducks that they could build with it, and he began to shape and mold the mud into an island. He blew on it, and it expanded. He blew again, and it grew into the earth. The ducks said they did not like the earth’s emptiness, so Coyote created grass and trees out of the roots that came from the water. (Andrews 1988:196+)Coyote and the ducks loved the earth, but it was fiat. They wanted rivers, valleys, mountains, and lakes. So it was done. Soon Coyote and the ducks made a perfect earth, but they grew lonely, with only the three of them to sit and enjoy the land. So Coyote molded dirt to form men and then more mud to create many types of male ducks. Soon, they realized that without women, the males could not have children. So with more dirt he made women and female ducks to populate the earth. (Andrews 1988:196+)   This myth does not explain the origin of water, the two ducks and the mud. This probably could be linked to nature.Among the Coyote tales also, is one in, which it is told how the Coyote visited the Porcupine, who scratched his nose until blood flowed freely out over it; he then roasted it until it turned into a piece of fine meat. Coyote invited his host to return the visit in two days. He tried to imitate the Porcupine, but failed ignominiously. He next visited the Wolf, who roasted two arrow points that were transformed into minced meat. (Bruchac 1999:5-9)Again the Coyote tried to imitate his host, but failed. Compare with this the tradition of the Chinook, who tell how Bluejay tried to imitate his host; that of the Comox, Nootka, and Kwakiutl of Vancouver island, and of the Bella Coola and Tsimshian of Northern British Columbia, who tell the same story of the Raven; that of the Ponca, who tell the same story of Ictinike, and that of the Micmac, who relate how the Rabbit tried to imitate his host. Although the peculiar method of producing food by magic is not always the same, the whole stories are identical to all intents and purposes. (Bruchac 1999:5-9)Later on it is told how the Coyote w as playing with his eyes, tearing them out of their sockets and throwing them up; then they fell back into their sockets. We find the identical incident among the Shuswap in the interior of British Columbia and among the Blackfeet. Once upon a time the Coyote met the Brown Giant. He proposed to him that they should vomit. He placed a large piece of pine bark before each as a dish, and bade the Brown Giant keep his eyes shut till he was told to open them. (Bruchac 1999:5-9) Coyote vomited bugs and worms, while the Brown Giant vomited fat venison. Coyote exchanged the dishes, and then told the Giant to open his eyes. The Shuswap ascribe the same trick to Coyote when he met the Cannibal Owl. (Bruchac 1999:5-9)The people sought to divine their fate. (Clements 1986:220)   They threw a hide scraper into the water, saying, â€Å"If it sinks, we perish; if it floats, we live.† It floated, and all rejoiced. Then Coyote repeated the same test with a stone. It sank, and therefore peop le die. Among the Black feet, the first woman asked the â€Å"Old Man† if people would be immortal. In order to decide this question he threw a buffalo chip into the water, saying that if it floated people would resurrect on the fourth day after their death. It floated. Then the woman took a stone, saying, â€Å"If it floats, we will always live; it sinks, people must die.† It sank, and therefore people died. (Clements 1986:220) This again tends to explain the mystery of death thereby emphasizing the point that, Native American myths are closely tied to nature as death is natural.There also existed the myth of plant among the Indian Americans. This specifically was the corn myth and was common among North Carolina-Cherokee Indians. It held that, many years ago there was an old woman who lived happily with her grandson until the boy turned seven years old. On his birthday she gave him a bow and arrow with which to hunt. (White 1993:164) On his first expedition he came b ack with a small bird. She was very proud of him and told him so.The Grandmother went out to her storeroom behind the lodge in which they lived. She soon came back with corn in a basket. She made a delicious soup with the corn and the little bird. (Bruchac 1999:5-9) Everyday that the boy brought home the fruits of his hunt his grandmother would go to the storehouse and bring back the corn to make the meal. The boy became very curious and decided to follow her. He watched her as she stood in front of her basket and rubbed her hand along the side of her body. As she did this the corn filled the basket. He became afraid and thought that she might be a witch. He hurriedly returned to the lodge. (Bruchac, 1999:5-9)When the Grandmother came in she knew that he had seen what she had done. She told him that because of this she must die and leave him. She would tell him what to do so that there would always be food for their people. She said, â€Å"When I die, go to the south side of the lo dge and clear the Earth until it is completely bare. Then drag my body along the Earth seven times and bury me in the ground.† (Bruchac, 1999:5-9)The boy did as he was told. He dragged her body over the Earth and wherever a drop of her blood fell to the ground a small plant would appear. He kept the ground cleared around each plant and soon they grew very tall with long tassels of silk at the top which reminded him of his Grandmother’s long hair. Eventually ears of corn grew and his Grandmother’s promise came true. Even though the Grandmother has passed from this Earth she is still present as the corn plant to feed her people. (Bruchac, 1999:5-9)Native American Indian also had the horse myth, which was part of the animal myths. This myth was generally known as the sky dog myth as it holds for other animals. This myth holds that, a long, long time ago we had to walk and walk from sky to sky, from camp to camp. (Dutton, 1996: 94) Our dogs carried our rawhide bags a nd pulled our travois sleds. We walked so much that we wore out many moccasins going across the plains. Of a sudden, one day, coming from Old Man’s sleeping room, west of the mountains, we saw some strange looking beasts. (Yolen, 1990:62) They were as big as elk and they had tails of straw.Lying across the backs of these beasts were two Kutani men. One beast was pulling a travois sled. We became afraid because we did not understand. My best friend, Jumps-Over-the-Water hid behind his mother’s skirt. The bravest of all of us known as Running Bear, ran behind the nearest tipi to hide. I was so frightened I could not move. I was away from the safety of my father’s tipi. The men in our tribe yelled that we were not to be afraid that we were the mighty Piegans who took the land sway from the Kutani. As I looked around I saw that they were afraid. They all had big eyes and four of them had their hunting bows aimed. Then our chief Long Arrow laughed. He said, â€Å"Th ese are from Old Man. They are a gift like the elk, antelope, buffalo and bighorn sheep they are called Sky Dogs†. (Yolen, 1990: 62)To wrap up this discussion, it worthy to note that most Native American myth were a bid to provide an explanation for what nature had created. It is for this reason that we have the creation myth, the sky dog myth, and the plant myth, to name these. Thus the contention that, literary analysis of Native American myths emphasizes a bond with nature.BIBLIOGRAPHYBruchac J. (1991) Native American Stories. Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing.Clements M.W. (1986) Native American Folklore in Nineteenth-Century Periodicals.Athens Swallow PublicationElla C. (l966) Indian Legends from the Northern Rockies, Oklahoma: University ofOklahoma Press.Yolen J. (1990) Sky Dogs. Harcourt CA 92101.Dutton B. and Olin C. (1996) Myths and Legends of the Indians of the Southwest. SantaBarbara Bellerophon Books.White H.M. (1993)   Everyday Life of the North American Indian, New York Indian HeadBooks.MagazinesAndrews T. J. (1998) World and I. â€Å"Share in the Light: Native American Stories ofCreation†.vol.13 News World Communications

Kant vs. Hegel

Leona Take LARS 3155 10 February 2013 Kant and Hegel Hegel’s concept of the â€Å"Absolute Idea† claims that there is a universal and ideal standard that is continuously being revealed throughout history, in various forms of human expression. The Absolute Idea can be interpreted as God, nature, spirit, or reality. With art, there is no such thing as â€Å"Art for Art’s sake† because art is a manifestation of the unfolding of the Absolute Idea.In Hegel’s Art History, the progression of art is always moving closer to ultimate reality, because spiritual realization is teleological. The Absolute is fully realized when form and content are harmonious and concrete in their depiction of spirit and man. Beauty is dependent upon these things. For Hegel, the classical period is characterized by the depiction of ideal beauty in the perfect human body in ancient Greek sculpture.However, the concreteness of the human body is later seen as limited for not represe nting spirit and imagination in a more abstract form. Therefore, Hegel’s ideal of beauty is ever changing according to Art’s development in history, and his terms. In other words, Hegel calls the shots. In contrast to Hegel, Kant’s philosophy of art was a deliberate attempt to remove personal subjectivity. Like Hegel, Kant did believe there was a universal beauty, or Absolute of something, except Kant did not have any references to measure this by.For Kant, we can only come to know what is really beautiful when one has no agenda, concept, or comparison to measure the object with. From Kant’s perspective, Hegel is attached to all of these things, and therefore he can not really know beauty outside of his own perception. It is an intuitive inner knowing, versus a cognitive knowing. This is significantly different from Hegel’s ideal of beauty, since knowing what is really beautiful can never be answered concretely, but rather intuitively.

10 Reasons Why Online Shopping Is The Best Marketing Essay

10 Reasons Why Online Shopping Is The Best Marketing Essay ABSTRACT After Internet growth, most of the dimensions of our lives such as education, business, communication, etc., were surpassed by this new phenomenon. One of these dimensions is to deal with online buying of different products and services. This paper describes the various methods of shopping and sending gifts online. This paper will also discuss the various web advertising techniques and tools used to bring traffic to the website. HISTORY In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee created the first World Wide Web server and browser. It opened for commercial use in 1991. In 1994 other advances took place, such as online banking and the opening of an online pizza shop by Pizza Hut. During that same year, Netscape introduced SSL encryption of data transferred online, which has become essential for secure online shopping. Also in 1994 the German company Intershop introduced its first online shopping system. In 1995 Amazon launched its online shopping site, and in 1996 eBay appeared. [1] PROBLEM STA TEMENT The concept of grab and wrap has established to facilitate the customers who don’t have much time to go in the market and search for different items to gift their loved ones. This website will bring all the gift items wrapped and delivered at your doorstep. All you need to do is just grab the gift and go to the party without being indulged in hassle of leaving your place, reach to the required shop, get the item, get it wrapped and then go to the party. This whole process is even worst when you are involved in office and family matters. But still, you can’t ignore this event. We will also assist in making your special days like i.e anniversary, birthdays, events a memorable one. We will provide the secure and trusted shopping and shipment mechanism by fulfilling the right orders at right time. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES In this research, we have three objectives. First Objective: The first objective of our research is to find out all the needs of customers pertaining t o online shopping. Second Objective: The second objective of our research is to provide such a marketing mechanism that would bring enough traffic into the website through affiliate programs, Google Ad sense and other social marketing networks. Third Objective: The third objective of our research is to design a model to provide the customers a secured online shopping experience. SCOPE AND LIMITATION In this research, we have analyzed different ways of online shopping and focused particularly on gifting the products and their wrapping material. This research is applicable in Pakistan and other countries similar to it in which online shopping is effective and most common mode of buying. Our products will mainly consists of the various categories that the people usually purchase for gifting purposes. The proposed model application can be implemented through google websites, different website designing platforms, or using programming languages such as HTML, ASP.NET, C#, Dreamweaver etc. The size of sample in our survey is 100. The distribution of questionnaire was done only in Karachi which might be another limitation for the research.

Art history term paper - Comparing two portrait modes Essay

Art history term paper - Comparing two portrait modes - Essay Example During the era of the roman republic, they considered it a character sign not to cover or manipulate any physical imperfections and the depiction of men particularly as unconcerned and rugged, especially unconcerned with any form of vanity. Statues with more idealism of Emperors of the Roman Empire got ubiquitous over the imperial era, especially with connection to Rome’s state religion. Tombstones, even those of the modestly well off middle class, exhibited the portraits of unknown dead relatives which were carved in relief. This paper aims to compare the bust of a man and the bust of Emperor Commodus while paying attention to the bust’s formal features, and it further, considers how and why each portrait works to idealize the sitter. The bust of Emperor Commodus and that of man are practically two contradictory artefacts. The two artefacts have distinctly varied characteristics with both possessing different styles. The bust of a man is of a veristic style while the bust of Emperor Commodus is of the Augustus style from prima porta. With each of these styles come different characteristics and representations. The bust of a man has a relation to old fashioned morality, which is a virtuous Roman concept (Fejfer, 2009 p243). Generally, the veristic style consists entirely of later life portraits of men, who more often than not are toothless and balding and consists of faces with poor aging qualities and wrinkles. The bust of a man is a perfect example of this style. The bust seems to be representative of men who are or are aging. In the Veristic style, age is taken quite seriously as it signifies and shows endurance and courage, which man has had to endure through out his life. The portraits physical qualities, whi ch follow veristic styles, are reflective of society and class, which they belong to. The pained and twisted expression on the bust of man are testimony of the similar fashion with which the civil war tore apart the society

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Final - Essay Example This would apply to short term investments that are made in the nation as well. It would be advisable in such a scenario to hire local labor. 3. 1. Mr. Likesdrawing’s argument would not hold up in court owing to the fact that there may be little change in the original that he has created. The intent of the newly created work would not be significantly different from the original, as a result of which he would have to pay Mrs. Photolover money for a settlement. 2. The cartel would be involved in illegal activities owing to their efforts at reducing competition. The shared intent of creating artificial changes in the market (demand and supply) means that they are in violation of competition laws, thereby passing on the burden to consumers. The producers would need to follow fair practices and allow the market to set its own prices. 1. Apple’s push towards acquiring a large market share in offering music streaming services would run up against laws of the European Union that stand against large companies using their clout to intimidate smaller ones. The laws against Abuse of Dominance (Article 102) would be useful in the sustenance of smaller companies like Spotify. Several cases such as the one against Russian gas supplier Gazprom could be a blueprint for understanding such issues (Bell and Madej

Three Main Dimensions of Financial Institutions Essay - 1

Three Main Dimensions of Financial Institutions - Essay Example Even in 2011, we find that the markets continue to struggle with the question of economic reforms, in association with other basic questions, like how to develop sustained and enduring financial growth while also elevating fiscal responsibility. The development of financial systems is affected by various factors, which are, financial institutions risk management policies, ‘indebtedness’ of both individuals and sovereign elements, the banking system, regulatory delinquencies, and exports via the ‘exchange rate policy.’ Some modern researchers claim that the chief cause of the current economic recession is mainly owing to certain socio-economic queries, pertinent to a much broader context, like the enduring presence of income inequality, through the investments made in the line of education and human capital (Rajan, 2010). The World Economic Forum has defined financial development â€Å"as the factors, policies, and institutions that lead to effective financial intermediation and markets, as well as deep and broad access to capital and financial services† (The Financial Development Report 2010, 2010, 4). Financial development is the trajectory through which the states can work towards elevating the efficacies of their economic system (markets and resources), the banking sector, the monitoring of various investment projects, and overall strengthen the position of the financial system. Thus, one can view financial development as a major aspect of affecting a country’s economic growth and welfare (Huang, 2006, 2). Strong factual evidence uphold the notion that finance is at the base of a state’s developmental process.