The Horror of Alcoholism Essay - 2585 Words

The Horror of Alcoholism Alcoholism is a baffling and powerful disease. It affects all people from all walks of life. It has been medically proven and recognized by most of society as a disease. However, for some people who either have not been affected or just do not have any knowledge of the disease, it is considered more as a weakness of character. Alcoholism has many effects, on the alcoholic them self, towards their family and friends, and on their health, on their spouse and children, mentally and physically, but the good thing is there is help out there for all of these people. Alcohol is the most widely used and abused drug in the U.S. today. It is found in all beers, wines, and whiskeys. The alcohol in all these drinks†¦show more content†¦The only method of arresting alcoholism is total abstinence (Berger 21). Alcoholics brain cells have adapted so much to alcohol that they cannot function normally without it, which is what causes withdrawal. Alcoholics have a high tolerance and ability to drink large quantities of liquor without appearing drunk (Graeber 63). Alcohol abusers find every way to deny they have a problem. They do not drink as much as other people do, they can hold their liquor, theyre in control (Kowalski 7). Alcoholics have many traits such as being hyperactive, having a short attention span, being unable to deal with frustration or pain, and having trouble coping with difficult situations. Also, they are described as unstable, unpredictable, and impulsive (Berger 39). Alcohol robs the drinker of the ability to tell right from wrong, safe from dangerous, and appropriate from inappropriate. Drinking makes it harder for them to think clearly and quickly, to coordinate and control their body (Berger 12). Alcohol affects every organ system in the body either directly or indirectly. The effects are not the same for everyone. Some people, for genetic or other reasons, have a much stronger reaction to alcohol than others do (Berger 27). Anyone can die from just one drink (Graeber 51). Alcohol is both a depressant and a poison. A depressant is a substance that acts to depress, or slow down.Show MoreRelatedNot Only Did The Effects Of War Negatively Influence Henry’S1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme of tragedy and the horrors of war also influence the entire Italian Army. For example, in Moddelmog’s literary analysis, the author refers back to novel to discuss the temptations that are depicted by Hemingway to give an accurate representation of the daily lives of the soldiers and the author hints at a justification for their actions: â€Å"It might sound sordid, but during war who can blame soldiers for seeking pleasurable diversions from the gritty horrors they encounter everyday? CertainlyRead MoreSymbolism and analysis of The Fall of the House of Usher Essay829 Words   |  4 Pagesthat his works touched on many aspects of the human psyche and personality. While he was no psychologist, he wrote about things that could evoke the reasons behind every persons character, whether flawed or not. Some would say his works are of the horror genre, succeeding in frightening his audience into trying to finish reading the book in one sitting, but making them think beyond the story and analyze it through imagery. The Fall of the House of Usher is one such tale that uses such frighteningRead MoreLittle Ball of Fur: The Black Cat Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born January 19, 1809. Many consider him to be the master of mystery and horror. He only lived until he was forty, and during that time he endured a lot of hardships. For one, every woman he ever cared for ended up dead, usually by the dreaded tuberculosis. That included his wife Virginia. The men in his life who were supposed to be there to guide him, well, they were not there. I think that helped him write a lot of his dark and macabre stories. His most famous workRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe : The Thematic Elements Of Gothic Literature1209 Words   |  5 Pages Gothic literature contains many thematic elements such as horror, death, and even at times romanticism. This type of literature incorporates various different elements, in order to evoke the emotions of terror. There are many authors who are extremely talented and are still remembered and read in classrooms today. These are authors like Edgar Allan Poe, best known for his mysterious poems and short stories, Richard Matheson and Horacio Quiroga, who have all incorporated psychological problems andRead MoreThe Dark Side of Writing: Edagar Allan Poe and Stephen King Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe and Stephen King are famous for their works in horror. Who are these authors and why do they write these horrifying tales? Edgar Allan Poe’s life and literary works are more ominous than Stephen King’s life and literary work. Edgar Allan Poe had a morose story of his life. His life started out with his parents dying when Poe was only three years old. He was adopted by a wealthy tobacco merchant, John Allan and his wife, Frances Valentine Allan. John Allan raised Edgar Allan Poe toRead MoreThe Health Care Issue And Health Problem1632 Words   |  7 Pageslegislator why it is a problem needing legislative attention. The health care issue or health issues that raise a concern is that many people are suffering from alcoholism and are in need of immediate care but cannot afford the proper care. I firmly believe that free outpatient counseling can help those individuals diagnosed with alcoholism be able to steer in a sober direction. Alcohol use across the globe is prevalent and is very harmful to the human population. According to World Health OrganizationRead More Comparing Edgar Allen Poes The Cask of Amontillado, The Black Cat, and The Tell-tale Heart752 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Poe psychological realm are substance abuse (i.e. alcoholism) and taphophobia (exaggerated fear of being buried alive). In short stories like The Cask of Amontillado, The Black Cat, and The Tell-tale Heart, Poe constructs a psychological world where alcoholism and the fear of being buried alive are inextricably intertwined.   So, too, the combination of them has an impact on the narrators and characters in his stories.   Poes own alcoholism and taphophobia are inextricably intertwined in theRead MoreAlcoholism In Edgar Allan Poes The Black Cat1197 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Black Cat† is a tale of a man who suffers from alcoholism. In this tale the protagonist whose name is never revealed is deranged by his addiction. The story begins with the narrator describing his love for all his pets. He says â€Å"I was especially fond of animals, and was indulged by my parents with a great variety of pets. With these I spent most of my time, and never was so happy as when feeding and caressing them.† (Poe p.1) Although, the narrators’ personality alters whe nRead MoreAn Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Black Cat 1650 Words   |  7 Pagesaxe to the head and walled her up. Little did he know he also walled up the cat, which led to his downfall in the end. Edgar Allan Poe s life influenced the writing of The Black Cat and gave it meaning because of three tragedies in his life: Alcoholism, public and private relationships, and death and loss. These things played a huge factor in why he wrote â€Å"The Black Cat.† Edgar Allan Poe had a depressing life starting with his childhood on up into his adult life. Tragedy after tragedy occurredRead MoreThe Shining By Stephen King1500 Words   |  6 Pagesby Stephen King followed by a film directed by Stanley Kubrick in 1980 is a horror/thriller narrative filled with many mysteries of its own. Initially, The Shining portrays itself as an average â€Å"The house is haunted but no one believes me† story. However, as the plot progresses we learn that there is much more that goes into the big picture. At its core, the narrative is about isolation, psychological problems, alcoholism, and the suspense of an impending doom. Jack, played by Jack Nicholson, is

Ngc march Free Essays

Explain the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of a health and safety policy. (3) the purpose of the ‘statement of intent’ section of the policy should set health and safety goals and objectives for the organization; demonstrate management’s commitment to health and safety; explain the allocation of resources to attain the stated goals and objectives and give an indication of the cultural health and safety framework for the organization. B) Outline the circumstances that would require a health and safety policy to be reviewed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ngc march or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5) circumstances such as significant changes in the structure of the organization; after the introduction of new or changed processes or work methods; following changes in key personnel or a change of premises; following changes in legislation; where audits, risk assessments, monitoring exercises or investigations into accidents and cases of ill-health show that the policy is no longer effective or relevant; following enforcement action by or the receipt of advice from the enforcement authority; as a result of consultation with the workforce; and after a sufficient period of time has elapsed since the previous review to suggest that another is due. Question 4 (a) Identify TWO types of health and safety inspection. (2) types of health and safety inspection such as pre-use checks for example of portable appliances or ladders; general periodic workplace inspections; statutory inspections and those associated with planned preventative maintenance; safety tours and safety sampling and in spections carried out by members of the enforcement authority. B) Outline the skills and knowledge that are required of an employee who conducts health and safety inspections. 6) qualities expected of an employee who carries out health and safety inspections, candidates were expected to refer firstly to the knowledge he/she should possess such as a general knowledge of health and safety together with the legal requirements and any published guidance; knowledge of the workplace and the work activities carried out with the procedures that have been introduced such as safe systems of work and the use of permits to work; and knowledge as to whom he/she should report the results of the inspections. Relevant skills would include the ability to identify hazards and risks and to detect deficiencies in the control measures provided; observational skills together with the ability to record and report observations; interpersonal skills including the ability to interview and question fellow emp loyees and finally and importantly the ability to recognize his/her own limitations. Question 5 Outline ways to help ensure the effectiveness of a health and safety committee. (8) One of the prime requirements in setting up an effective safety committee is to ensure that it has the full backing of senior management, is provided with terms of reference and objectives and that its membership constitutes an even balance between management and employee representatives under the chairmanship of a fair, strong but diplomatic individual with one member of sufficient seniority to authorize any agreed action. It would be essential that time and resources are set aside for committee meetings which should be at a convenient time and notified in advance to all members with a copy of the agenda. Items for discussion should be topical and relevant to the organization and the safety adviser should always be present to provide professional health and safety advice. Formal minutes should be prepared after each meeting including actions that have been agreed and a copy of these should be displayed where it is accessible to all employees, such as on the employee notice board, so that they might be aware of the decisions that have been taken. Question 6 (a) Give the meaning of the term ‘risk. (2) the probability or likelihood that an unwanted event will occur and the possible severity in terms of injury or damage, would it occur. (b) Give reasons why hazards may not be obvious to an employee exposed to them. 6) reasons such as over-familiarity following frequent contact with the hazard without recognizing any potential harm; lack of experience particularly in the case of young persons; sensory impairment; lack of attention arising from the routine or repetitive nature of the task being undertaken; warning alarms being masked by noise or the wearing of personal protective equipment; and inadequate provision of training, information and instruction. Other reasons which might have been given included the invisible nature of the hazard, such as that arising from exposure to biological agents, gases and radiation and those hazards where there is no obvious short term effect with little indication of what harm might be caused in the longer term. Question 7 (a) Outline the functions of a permit-to-work form. (2) functions of a permit to work system are to control high risk activities by ensuring set procedures are followed; to formally record control measures and to give signed authority for the activity to be carried out. B) Outline the elements that should be included in a typical permit-to- work form. 6) Elements which should be included in the permit include firstly a description and assessment of the task to be performed including the plant involved, its location and the foreseeable hazards associated with the task. This will determine the need for, and nature of the necessary controls such as, the isolation of sources of energy and other services, the provision and use of personal protective equipment, emergency arrangements and facilities, communication arrangements and the duration of the permit. An essential element of a permit to work system is the operation of the remit itself. By means of signatures, the permit should be issued by an authorized person, and accepted by the competent person responsible for the work. On completion of the work, the competent person would need to indicate on the permit that the area had been made safe in order for the permit to be cancelled by the authorized person, after which isolations could be removed. Question 8 An organization can monitor its health and safety performance using a variety of means. (a) Identify FOUR active monitoring methods. (4) inspections, surveys, tours, audits, environmental monitoring, health surveillance, behavioral observation and benchmarking against the performance of other like organizations. (b) Identify FOUR reactive monitoring methods. 4) reactive monitoring methods which might be used include accident and ill health reports and statistics, incidents of reported near misses and dangerous occurrences, property damage, actions taken by enforcement authorities, the number of civil actions and in surance claims and the costs involved in all of these. Question 9 Explain reasons why the following employees may be at greater risk in the oracle: (a) young persons; (4) the individual’s stage of physical development and maturity; lack of knowledge, experience, training and practical skills; lack of perception or awareness of risk; poorly developed communication skills; over enthusiasm and the tendency of young persons to take risks and to respond more readily to peer group pressure. How to cite Ngc march, Papers

Gary Soto free essay sample

# 8217 ; s Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences Essay, Research Paper Gary Soto # 8217 ; s Like Mexicans: Personal Experiences My determination to compose in response to Gary Soto # 8217 ; s work, ? Like Mexicans? was influenced for the most portion because of the similarities between myself and Gary Soto, and our households included. Gary Soto is a Mexican American male, who grew up in the San Joaquin Valley in the industrial portion of a town called Fresno. His grandparents came to this Great Valley in hunt of making a better life for themselves and their households. I am besides a Mexican American male who was born and raised in the San Joaquin Valley in a little town called Porterville. My grandparents migrated with their kids, my female parent, male parent, and their brothers and sisters in hopes of making a better life for themselves every bit good. At the clip economic improvement meant working as a hired slave for minimum income and maintaining your oral cavity shut. After all, you were nil more than a greaser who came to America to harvest her benefits. ( This farcical political orientation is still present today ) Gary Soto # 8217 ; s grandparents and my grandparents, although they ma y be a coevals behind one another, I am certain were exposed to many of the same adversities and or societal barriers. It was non uncommon back so as it is non uncommon today for Mexican households with minimum work accomplishments to be forced into the Fieldss to work with their kids aboard in hopes of get awaying poorness. For the most portion such households remained poverty stricken due to unjust and illegal rewards and work conditions. However irrelevant this all may sound, confronting similar adversities or obstructions will frequently make a sense of integrity among those who are affected by such conditions. In short, I feel that non merely do Gary Soto and I portion a common cultural beginning, but all that comes with our beginning, be it pride, shame, or political orientation. # 8220 ; Like Mexicans # 8221 ; is a short narrative in which Gary Soto is invariably being reminded that he should get married his ain sort. His ain sort being one of Mexican descent, and of poorness and forbearing from others, particularly? Okies? as his grandma used to ever state. Soto ends up get marrieding a Nipponese adult female, non a Mexican. But he still has to cover with his internal battle and credence of this pick. One can non be looked down upon for oppugning oneself and the determinations one makes, particularly when it comes to get marrieding after being raised in a family that reinforced the belief, ? Marry Your Own? . My female parent and my father neer told me that I should get married one of my ain. My female parent ever told me to make what of all time it would take to do myself happy. Now that I think about it, she did sometimes state me that I could run into a nice miss at church. ? Mijito, ? she ever began, ? Don # 8217 ; t you want to get married a nice miss? There are a batch of nice misss that go to church. How can you desire to get married a miss who will kip aroun neodymium? ? I was loath to state her that the nice miss # 8217 ; s parents were stating the same thing to them about me. Gary Soto # 8217 ; s female parent neer said excessively much to him in respects to get marrieding any one type of adult female in peculiar. ? If you find a good Mexican miss, marry her of class, ? ( page 696 ) she one time replied to him. She did nevertheless respond in a unreassuring mode and with vacillation when she realized that her boy was traveling to get married a Nipponese adult female. I was in love and their was no looking back. She was the 1. I told my female parent who was slapping beefburger into cakes. ? Well, certain if you want to get married her, ? she said. But the more I talked, the more concerned she became. ( page 697 ) I recall vividly when my female parent met Tanya, my married woman, for the first clip. She said that she liked Tanya, but that she didn # 8217 ; t believe she was truly my type. What so was my type? After get marrieding Tanya, I began to inquire if she was? Mexicana? sufficiency for me. After all, she was really broad, strong and unfastened minded. I think this is why my female parent used to state me she didn # 8217 ; t think Tanya was my type. My female parent reminds me of Gary # 8217 ; s grandma, really submissive, docile, your stereotyped Mexicana. Tanya didn # 8217 ; Ts like to cook, she was in no manner submissive, and was at times what my female parent would term as unlady like. Gary Soto # 8217 ; s grandmother believed that merely about everyone was an? Okie? if they were non Mexicans. Gary # 8217 ; s grandmother, although I am certain she wanted the best for him was really stereotyped. She one time once more reminds me of my female parent in this manner. Their failing in being stereotyped is about excusable and cunning. I believe it is more out of ignorance of others and there is no existent injury meant. One thing we must maintain in head as good, is the clip in which this narrative took topographic point and the exposure the grandma might hold had to others outside of her immediate household. My female parent lived a sheltered life and truly neer had the chance to be exposed to the existent universe. My female parent had a wont of seeking to do me believe that kids who did non obey their parents were in general bad kids. Parents were the godly authorization and should neer be questioned, since they are the parents they ever know what # 8217 ; s best. This was at least what my female parent was taught by her female parent and can you fault her for inheriting su ch an political orientation. For he R, everyone who wasn’t Mexican, black, or Asiatic were Okies. The Gallic were Okies, the Italians in suits were Okies. When I asked about the Jews, whom I had read about she asked for a image. I rode place on my bike and returned with a calendar picturing the of import races of the universe. ? Pues Si, boy Okies tambien! ? ( page 696 ) I besides found Gary # 8217 ; s Soto # 8217 ; s grandmother amusing because she would laughably lump people together. This nevertheless is easier than seeking to acknowledge each and every different cultural group that exist on the face of the Earth, but it is our differences that frequently make us so alone. One peculiar portion in this short narrative that truly disturbed me, was the fact that Gary and his friend Scott at a immature age could do the differentiation among their different cultural groups. By this I mean that there was an recognition that both Gary and his friend Scott came from different ethnicity groups and should therefore maintain within their groups when sing get marrieding. Couples frequently marry those of the same cultural individuality for a sense of acquaintance. One may besides desire to pass their life with an person who portions the same cultural political orientation. This shared political orientation could be political, spiritual, economic etc. A shared or common political orientation reduces struggle and creates a sense of integrity. Marriage after all is purportedly the act of two people unifying for the remainder of their lives. I would non be a spot surprised if Scott at the same clip was being reinforced by household members or equals that he excessively should remain among his ain people. ? No discourtesy, Scott, ? I said with an orange piece in my oral cavity, ? but I would neer get married an Okie? We walked in measure about touching, with a sleigh of shadows behind us. ? No discourtesy, Gary, ? Scott said, ? but I would neer get married a Mexican. ? ( page 696 ) I frequently have similar conversations with my good friend and housemate Adrian, in which I frequently find myself believing that I should get married a good Mexicana. I haven # 8217 ; t been reinforced by household to this political orientation. I think it is due more towards the defeat I have with our societal construction. I have the sense that I could associate better to person of common descent. Person who has endured the same hurting and or confusion of 1s ain peculiarity, societal category, ethnicity, etc.. I can candidly see myself populating the remainder of my life with a individual who is? Other? than white. However incorrect or contradictory it may sound, my feelings are such. I felt that Gary and Scott shouldn # 8217 ; Ts have felt the manner they did about get marrieding their ain, yet I shared the same feelings. I believe in the pride of 1s ain heritage and descent but I besides believe in a diversified universe. I frequently tell people that every bit long as you love an single their ethnicity should hold no significance. I now have to inquire myself whether or non I truly b elieve that. It # 8217 ; s really confounding for me, as I am certain Gary was confused. Gary is slightly loath at first to travel to his hereafter female parent in jurisprudence # 8217 ; s house with his bride-to-be Carolyn, but subsequently is relieved upon his find. When we pulled into the thrust, I panicked and begged Carolyn to do a Uracil bend and travel back so we could speak about it over sodium carbonate. She pinched my cheek naming me a? Silly Boy. ? I felt better though when I got out of the auto and proverb the house: the chipped pigment, a cracked window, boards for a walk to the dorsum door. There were corroding autos near the barn. A tractor with a cyberspace of spiderwebs under a mulberry. A field, a bale of biting wire like kids # 8217 ; s scrabbling tilting against an empty poulet henhouse. ( page 697 ) Gary Soto # 8217 ; s find of his bride-to-be and her household was that they were similar to Mexicans. ? These people were merely similar Mexicans, I thought. Poor people. ? ( page 698 ) Of class non all Mexicans are hapless, but a big per centum of the Mexican population do hold to get the better of many more obstructions and adversities, such as racism and favoritism in order to prolong the tantamount societal position of a in-between category Caucasian group. ? On the main road, I felt happy, pleased by it all. I patted Carolyn # 8217 ; s thigh. Her people were similar Mexicans, merely different. ? ( page 698 ) Asiatic immigrants are subjected to many of the same societal and economic barriers as are Mexicanos who migrate from Mexico. They are frequently wrongfully perceived as a group of people who are coming to take advantage of an economically rich system. ( Our economic system may look plentiful in comparing to their economic system back place ) They are hence looked upon as? The Other? and are treated as such. Gary Soto at the terminal of this short narrative I believe overcame his ego oppugning of whether or non Carolyn was right for him. It is a shame that one is socially conditioned so much that he or she would hold to warrant their cogency and wanting of another human being. I suspect that this is merely merely another characteristic out of a million that has evolved out of a complex societal order. It saddens me sometimes to believe that I frequently believe that there are people for me and people that are non for me. In actuality, there are no regulations to relationships that determine who one ought to get married. These are all what I will term societal restraints.

Wuthering Heights By Bronte Essays (588 words) - British Films

Wuthering Heights By Bronte I would like to analyze the conflicts that Heathcliff faced throughout the novel Wuthering Heights. Heithcliff's character was very complex. He lived a troubled childhood that is never completely revealed to the reader. All we know is that he was abandoned at a young age and when Mr. Earnshaw discovered him, he was sickly looking. Heathclfidd was then brought to live in this brand new society at Wuthering Heights. Hindly, Mr. Earnshaw's son, was jealous of Heathcliff from the start because he felt that his father loved Heathcliff more than himself. Hindly's hatred for Heathcliff was worsened once he realized that he and Cathy had fallen in love. To protect his sister, he slowly turned Heathcliff into a vagabond. This ultimatly forced her to seek love elsewhere. When Heathcliff overheard that Cathy was to be married to another man, Edgar, he ran away from Wuthering Heights. After fleeing Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff was forced to start a new life and obviously succeeded at this because during this time he became very wealthy. Upon returning he confessed to Cathy that he never stopped loving her. When Cathy didn't reciprocate his feelings, Heathcliff became enraged and to spite Cathy, he married her sister in law, Isabelle. At this point Cathy and her husband Edgar were expecting a baby. Heathcliff's marriage sent her into a deep depression. She fell very ill and soon after giving birth to her daughter, Cathrine , she died. Berfore she died though, she confessed to Heathcliff her true love for him. After Cathy's death, Heathcliff now became a scornful person, full of hatred. He wanted in the worst way to get revenge on Edgar Linton for stealing Cathy from him. He spent years and years thinking up a valid plan that would drive Edgar to his deathbed. His plan uses Cathrine's cousin, Linton, to lure her to Wuthering Heights against her father's will. When she arrives, Heathcliff's new revengeful side is now revealed. He locks Cathrine up in the house and forces her to marry Linton. When she is finally free to visit her father, Heathcliff's wish is now granted. Her father, Edgar, lies on a deathbed, and dies shortly after Cathrine's return. Now Edgar's fortune belongs to Linton who as according to Heathcliff's plan dies soon after their marriage. Edgar's fortune is now passed on from Linton to Heathcliff. Heathcliff's life persists accordingly for a while until Mr. Lockwood, a new tenant at Wuthering Heights, ariives. He stays in Cathy's old room against Heathcliff's orders and during the night gets a visit from her ghost which he immidiatly reports to Heathcliff. This encounter makes Heathcliff realize that Cathy is waiting for him in heavon. Now that he had seen Edgar die and had stolen his fortune from him, he was ready to join Cathy. From this point on he welcomes death and yearns for his and Cathy's reunion. Heathcliff's death comes abruptly and the only person to mourn his death is Hareton, his nephew. Heathcliff lived most of his life as a victim, but I think that all of his hardships turned him into a stronger person. Unfortunatly, he not only became hard, but lost all the tenderness in his heart. Over time, he enjoyed seeing people endure pain as he himself was forced to do so many times in his past. The ultimate thing that brought Heathcliff to peace was to die and enter heavon where his beloved Cathy was. Now that they are both in heavon it seems as if Heathcliff's wishes have come true because at the end of the novel, someone comments on seeing Heathcliff's ghost with a woman. That woman is presumably Cathy. Their love was obviously an undying love because even in death they found a way to be together.

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid

Author Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Authors Beware: Scams and Publishing Companies to Avoid Becoming a published author is a fantasy shared by almost all writers. And as with almost any widely-shared ambition, there are also folks out there looking to make a quick buck by exploiting those dreams - whether they involve securing a book deal or going the indie publishing route.The publishing world has its fair share of scammers and disreputable companies. At Reedsy, we regularly hear from authors who, despite being well-informed and educated people, have fallen prey to these scammers. In this post, we’ll take a closer look at common writers scams and show you how to identify the publishing companies to avoid on your journey to publication.If you are wondering about the legitimacy of a certain company, leave us a comment below or drop us a line at service@reedsy.com.  We'll get back to you right away. Authors beware! Do you know the most common publishing scams? Vanity Pressesâ€Å"Oh, my! There’s a publisher who wants to release my book!†Not all publishers are created equal. For every Random House, there is some guy in a random house, convincing authors that they hold the key to publishing success. But before you sign on the dotted line, stop for a second and ask yourself and look at what they’re offering. What is a vanity press and why are they bad? Most reputable publishers share the same business model: the publisher acquires the rights to publish and distribute the book by paying the author an advance. The publisher will then cover the costs of editorial, design, and marketing. Once the book is published, the author will receive a royalty of every copy sold (after the author’s total royalties have covered the advance).

A Research Proposal Uber

Business research is a technique to examine the operations effectiveness of a company which they achieve by chosen tools and technique during obtaining and analyzing the data. There are so many tools and techniques available for business research. These different types depend on specific business requirements. Uber was founded in 2009 and official launched in 2010 in San Francisco as a web mobile application platform. In August 2015, it received the label of the most valuable startup in the world with valued at $50.0 billion. In January 2015, Uber stated that it had more than 160,000 drivers in the US who delivered more than a million rides in a day with covering 75% of total US population. Uber has arisen as a disruptive revolution in a business that long ago exposed no efforts to develop its amenities in order to show up their costumer’s desires. That is the key reason as this application facility has been tremendously popular with consumers. As per current statics data it o perates in 70 countries and more than 450 cities with a millions rides daily. (Zhang, 2014) I have chosen to make a research proposal for UBER mobile web based business model. Uber business model offers comparative advantages over their competition. They don’t own any taxi or driver as employee that clearly an advantage in company cost. Their function is to connect its passengers to the driver in a timely efficient manner, and for this service Uber charge an average of 20% of total payment. Uber entered in China in 2013 with the name as â€Å"Youbu†. Chinese taxi industry have several pains such as distressing experiences during busy hours, drivers decline to transport a passenger for shorter distance, car condition and inconsistent quality of service. Uber first introduce themselves as primer chauffeur service names UberBlack but did not get good reception due high cost as compared to competitors and conventional cab services. In October 2014, Uber announced â€Å"People’s uber† that leads extra ordinary growth. This was a non-profit ride sharing program that was to consider inspired by a government document issued by Beijing. To make a close relationship with customers, Uber connect its service to Alipay who is the most popular payment solution in China. In December 2014, Bajekal N. stated that Uber partnered with Baidu who is a Chinese giant web for mapping support. These commercial associations shows Uber’s intentions to build good relationship with local government and it leverage Uber to support from regulation point of view. The objective of this paper is to study on the Uber mobile web based business model. In this study I have used mixed approach i.e. qualitative a quantitative for the business research. I have covered Uber historical statics with its current approach that helps them to make its presence in Chinese market. CAGE Analysis helps Uber to expend their wings in Chinese market. Understand the language might be a difficult but the application could be simply transformed to the target language marketplace. Chinese corporate culture is grounded on personal association somewhat than an uncontaminated transactional act that is the provision that Uber propose. But Uber is the only platform that is digital, which will encourage the Chinese drivers for behaving kind to their clients for avoiding the distance.   The economic trade relationship in US and China has developed from past various years as the solid partnership. This will provide a perfect scenario for the American organizations for deploying this business in the country. The level of involvement to the government of China in these commercial activities, and mainly this initiative of web based, is considered to be very high. This will become the biggest threat to organization as its whole operation is based on and dependent 100% on Internet. Thus, the government of China has the power so that they can block such types of applications, involving high cost to an action like this could mean to a company like Uber. (Patent, 2016) We have used Uber which is an app, thus geographical distance has been decreased with the usage of such type of technology, and thus the model of business for this organization doesn’t own cars or some of the other assets that are physical. So, there is no requirement for exporting such type of the goods. There is not an issue with the Technological distance because drivers of China uses the mobile platforms which is currently experiencing and updating the important rates of organization growths. The GDP per capita of China is $15,184 (PPP in year 2015)10, and this factor is increasing year by year. This is the factor which is decreasing the distance in order for executing in country the new investment. The tax industry is having growing rates activity which is the good signal for developing the businesses such as the proposal of Uber. Thus, from above analysis we can conclude that the Uber expansion plan within the markets of China is having very viable strategy as per the conditions that are offered by this country to the organization claims. China provides great opportunities growth in niche applications for the transport of people, despite present scenario where this Uber is treated as the distant third player with the market share of 8.4%, following to the Yidao 10 whose market share 9% which is in second place and then comes the Didi Kuaidi with 78,3% which is first in the place as the largest chauffeur player of Chinese online. (Inda, 2016) With a specific end goal to be a win rival in China, it ought to actualize different procedures to pick up piece of the overall industry to its rivals, for example, Didi Kuadi and Yidao. Some of them are: all together pick up certainty from the administration, Uber ought to cooperate with nearby government and neighborhood organizations trough joint endeavors or business understandings. Uber needs to better comprehend neighborhood interest for transportation techniques. This can bring about adding more administrations or items to the genuine blend. For instance, it can include minimized city autos in substantial urban communities and cruisers in country regions with shoddy charges, or can be stretched out to another measurement like conveyance administrations as Fedex, yet with private autos. More interest in advertising and advancements, so as to get clients consideration and dedication. Through this procedure Uber additionally can increase open support and diminish the general popu lation negative worries of conceivable future issues with controllers. This last point is one of the primary reasons why Uber is having inconveniences in its worldwide development system. (Xiaoke, 2015) At last, Uber needs to actualize creative techniques to enhance gainfulness in Chinese market keeping in mind the end goal to get a reasonable operation in that nation, since it has been putting extensive sum assets in activities to pick up perceivability inside clients that are bringing about diminishment in overall revenues for the time being. To fathom this issue, they have to locate an all-around adjusted methodology that permits them from one perspective to pick up piece of the overall industry and mindfulness from client, and then again to enhance their net revenues. After collecting related data following is the table that shows the rates for ride for Uber and competitors. Note: The prices showed in table are the lowest offerings available in Beijing; km=kilometer; unit=yuan; Source: data collected on the Uber, the Didi Kuaidi and the Yidao official sites. Following is the process for calculating cost to customers which is stated by Stutman in year 2014: Through an entry evaluating practice Uber could set lesser costs with the objective of exponential growth of both customers and group chauffeurs collected with the possibility of picking up pieces of the pie. Following are some recommendations to achieve Ubers goal for its sustainability in Chinese market with short term and long term implementations. In China, doubling down the Uber efforts it requires for taking the advantages with the local clients having familiarity. As per their sources, Uber raised already $500 millions from the relationship which they are having with insurance organizations, financial services and the Chinese technology. (Mohan, 2015) As part of long term recommendations I have critical reviewed the Ubers business and after analyzing I have come across some recommendation for its expansions in Chinese market such as tie-ups with top rates restaurants, hotels and local tour and travel companies or even accruing some small to medium operators. These some recommendation will help Uber to make its presence strong and helps in offering low cost rides to customers. Uber needs to set short term and long terms goals to make their presence in Chinese market. It is essential to work with local bodies to ensure success for any business. Uber should adopt some good features from its competitors and have to work for create enthusiasm for drivers to choose them as a preferred partner. (Bradsher, 2015) Bajekal, N., 2014, â€Å"Uber Charged 4 Times Its Usual Rate During Sydney Hostage Siege,† Time Inc., Retrieved from: https://time.com/3633304/uber-sydney-hostage-surge-pricing/ Bradsher, K.; Buckley C., 2015,  "China's Market Rout Is a Double Threat", novices have rushed to join a national fever of speculation, Retrieved from: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/06/business/international/chinas-market-rout-is-a-double-threat.html?_r=0 Horwitz, J., 2015, â€Å"Uber Is Logging 1 Million Daily Rides in China — as Many as the Rest of the World, Combined† Retrieved from: https://qz.com/426561/uber-is-logging-1-million-daily-rides-in-china-as-many-as-the-rest-ofthe-world-combined/ Inda, C., 2016, Uber and its expansion strategy in China, Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/ChristianInda/uber-and-its-expansion-strategy-in-china Mascolo, A., 2016, Uber in China: What's next? (Study from DDIM 10 class), https://www.slideshare.net/AlessioMascolo/uber-in-china-whats-next Mohan, P., 2015, Uber-deems-china-no-1-priority, https://www.fastcompany.com/3047390/fast-feed/report-uber-deems-china-no-1-priority Patent, O., 2016, â€Å"UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. Patent Owner†, Retrieved from: https://www.patentbuddy.com/Company/Profile/UBER-TECHNOLOGIESINC./1957650 Stutman, J., 2014, â€Å"Waiting on the Uber IPO†, Retrieved from: https://www.techinvestingdaily.com/articles/waiting-on-the-uber-ipo/463 Xiaoke X., Xin W., Bendle, N., 2015, UBER: MANAGING A RIDE IN CHINA Case Study. Richard Ivey School of Business Foundation, Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/product/uber-managing-a-ride-in-china/W15425-PDF-ENG Zhang, S., Shih, G., 2014, â€Å"Uber seen reaching $10.8 billion in bookings in 2015: fundraising presentation†, Retrieved from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-fundraising-idUSKCN0QQ0G320150821

AICPA Ethics & COSO Framework for Internal Controls Essay

AICPA Ethics & COSO Framework for Internal Controls - Essay Example The first issue is about how Harold Potter gained employment and shares with Dumbledore Enterprise, a public company. Being supported by his uncle to gain entry to the company is not a serious issue. However, once he gained membership to the AICPA, there were implications that made his continuous involvement in Dumbledore risky. Section 101.01 states that a person should be independent in performance of professional services (Independence, 2011 para 1). This therefore means that once he was connected to Dumbledore as a previous employee and a shareholder, he would lose his independence and could not provide services for the company. Upon graduation, Harold decides to describe himself as 'Accountant' on his business card. Section 57 Scope & Nature of Services states that Members â€Å"...should observe the principles of the Code of Conduct in determining the scope and nature of services to be provided.† (Scope & Nature of Services, 2011 para1). There are issues with this descri ption because although he was qualified, he did not have the required level of experience to be considered a member. This therefore means that it was unethical for him to present himself as an accountant when he was not a full member. Section 191.65 forbids people to use the title CPA when they are not qualified members in Public Practice to use the designation of 'Accountant' without making disclosure of his capacity (Ethics Ruling, 2011 para 65). Clearly, Harold was not in public practice then so again, it was inappropriate to use the title of Accountant without specifying the scope of this designation. Using the Firm Name Aaron, Potter & Zzucker (3) For the sake of getting popularity and exposure in the phonebook, Harold decided to use the above name. According to Section 501.10 False Misleading or Deceptive Act in promoting or Marketing Professional Services members should not use false or deceptive means to promote their firms (Acts Discreditable, 2011 para11). Clearly, Harold Porter was working alone. There were no Aarons and Zzuckers in the firm who were CPAs. This therefore means that the use of the name was misleading. Further instruments in the Code of Ethics go against Harold in this direction. Section 502 prohibits members from advertisment, that is false, misleading and deceptive. Section 505.1 Form of Organization & Name says that members shall not practice public accounting under a name that is misleading (Form of Organization & Name, 2011 para 2). Providing Tax Services & Audit for Dumbledore (4) Although Harold did not have any experience in tax and auditing, he took the offer of his uncle to provide tax and auditing services for Dumbledore. There are two major components of the AICPA code which makes it unethical and potentially illegal for Harold to take these options. Section 201.2 Competence requires members to undertake professional services that they are reasonably expected to complete with professional competence (Competence, 2011 para2 ). Since Harold had never done tax and auditing before, it was wrong to do the books of a public company without any supervision because there was no assurance that he had the necessary professional competence. Section 57 Scope & Nature of Services states that members should observe the principles of the Code of Professional Conduct in

American Disability Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Disability Act - Essay Example ADA has received many criticisms that are mainly classified into two categories. The first category concerns employment of people with disabilities. Under this category of criticisms, critics have pointed out that ADA reduces the employment of persons with disabilities. In addition, critics have pointed to the concern that ADA increases the cost of conducting business for business owners. The criticism based on reduction of employment opportunities for persons with disabilities has been supported by the fact that just after its enactment, the period covering between 1991 and 1995, the employment of people with disabilities reduced by 7.8% and this reduction affected people of disabilities regardless of their age, their levels of education, or even type of disability afflicting an individual. The most affected with that drop in the employment rate due to the enactment of ADA were young people, those with lower levels of education and men that were mentally disabled. Nevertheless, there has not been any concerted focus on investigating the causal link between the Act and the decline in employment for disabled people for that decade since its enactment. The second category of criticisms relates increase in private plaintiffs. The argument is that since the Act was enacted, it became an integral part of the employment law yet the Act only permits private plaintiffs to get injunctive relief. Injunctive relief is the court order making it mandatory for public accommodation to remedy contraventions of the accessibility laws. Besides injunctive relief, ADA only demands that private plaintiffs receive attorneys fees. However, it fails to provide monetary compensations to private claimants who take legal action against non-compliant businesses. Thus, for persons with disabilities to receive the remedies left out by ADA, it is upon the specific state to

The female monster Essay Example for Free

The female monster Essay Mary Shelley has constructed her gothic novel, Frankenstein, to include an array of passive female leads. This would not be unheard of in 1818, however Shelley was the daughter of an important feminist, and she herself possessed many of these same values and perspectives. With that in mind it can easily been understood that Shelley has constructed her novel to purposely be almost devoid of strong female leads in order criticise the social stereotypes of her time and the women who conformed to these, while the men in their lives dominated them. Shelley directly contrasts her passive characters to that of Safie, who is a relative success story compared with the fate of the other female characters. Safie embodies the life that women can have if they challenge their inferior role in society and this can be shown through analyses and comparisons of and between her and characters such as Justine, Caroline, Elizabeth and the female creature. Safie is used to highlight the passivity of the other female characters. She contradicts the stereotype that women should adopt a mother-like role as a carer and guardian. She challenges the domesticated, family orientated and victimised imagery of women who are dependant on men to support their lifestyle. Safies contradictory personality is shown through certain quotes in the novel, such as when it is stated that, When alone, Safie resolved in her own mind the plan of conduct that it would be her to pursue. The use of the phrase resolvedin her own mind indicates a level of individual thought that the other females do not posses due to the restraints placed on them by society and the men who exert control over them. A strong contrast can be made between the characterisation of Safie in comparison to other female characters in the novel. This was done with purposeful intent to convey that women can be equal if they challenge their social stereotypes. Of course Safie still displays feminine qualities, which can be seen in Frankenstein when she nurses her ill attendant with devoted attention a compassionate trait that conforms to the expectations of women. Despite this, Safie still remains the only surviving female protagonist of Frankenstein, thus being the embodiment of what women are able to accomplish if only they were to be brave enough to break free of their restraints and strive for change. Justine Moritz is an example of a submissive female character that conforms to societys expectations that women should be weak, beautiful and unrecognised as an important part of society. Justine is the target of pity from both the audience and other characters in the text from the very start because she was rescued from a broken family with an abusive mother and dying siblings. Justine is then wrongly accused of the murder of William Frankenstein; however, despite her innocence she confesses to the crime because it is what is expected of her. Justine represents the stereotype of how women are expected to be well endowed in appearance and she is often described by other characters as very clever and gentle and extremely pretty and Elizabeth spoke of Justines softness and winning mildness. These traits are all representations of Justines conformity to societys expectations. Throughout her trial, Justine makes little effort to protest her innocence and accepts false guilt for the crime, God knows how entirely I am innocent. But I do not pretend that my protestations should acquit me. This is also supported when she states, I must be condemned, although I would pledge my salvation on my innocence. Justine confesses because of her weakness under the judgemental glare of society, and is executed as a result. Through Justines experiences, Mary Shelley is highlighting the negative consequences of giving in to the pressures of society. Shelley is showing that if Justine was to have remained strong and protested her unjust trial, which was a direct result of her gender, then she may have been able to save herself and place the seed of doubt within the judgemental stereotypes of society, to rise above the oppression placed upon her by men. This contrasts with the assertive nature of Safie, who does not allow herself to be oppressed by the men in her life, mainly her father, and instead chooses to create a fate of her own choosing. Even less significant, but still present is the female monster, so passive it does not even achieve life, thus supporting that women have little, if any, outstanding role in Frankenstein. The creation of the female monster is absorbed by Victor in fear of being unable to control her actions. This signifies that women are oppressed in the fear that the will be uncontrollable. This is supported when Victor states, she might become ten thousand times more malignant than her mate signifying his fear of being unable to control her. The importance and expectations of feminine beauty are also impressed upon readers through the female monster. Shelley is conveying the importance that appearance plays in determining our roles and status in society and showing that if a woman should lack this quality then they will face the harsh reality of how truly cruel society can be in its rejection of the ugly. This is also supported when Victor is thinking about his female creation and says, the creaturealreadyloathed his deformity, and might he not conceive a greater abhorrence for it when it came before his eyes in the female form. This expectation for women is also shown when Victor says he is concerned with the outward substance of things. Shelley is therefore criticising the submissive nature of those women in society who both do and do not possess the flattering looks expected of them for not challenging this. Safie, although beautiful, does not allow her appearance to determine the path her life will take and refuses conform and let her father control her.

The Benefits of Web Publishing :: Internet Online Communication Essays

The Benefits of Web Publishing Before the advent of the World Wide Web, the means to share opinions and ideas with others easily and inexpensively was limited to classroom, work, or social environments. Generating an advertisement or publication required a lot of expense. Today, businesses and individuals can convey information to millions of people by using Web pages. Web publishing is the process of developing and maintaining, and posting Web pages. With the proper hardware and software, Web publishing is fairly easy to accomplish. For example, clip galleries offer a variety of images, videos, and sounds.1[1] A sound card allows users to incorporate sounds into Web pages. With a microphone, a Web page can include voice. A digital camera provides a means to capture digital photographs. A scanner can convert existing photographs and other graphics into a digital format. A video capture card and a video camera can incorporate videos into Web pages. A video digitizer can capture still images from a video (Thrall and Winters 46-68). HTML (hypertext markup language) is a set of special codes used to format a file for use as a Web page. These codes, called tags, specify how the text and other elements on the Web page display in a Web browser and where the links on the page lead. A Web browser translates the document with the HTML tags into a functional Web page. Developing, or authoring, a Web page does not require the expertise of a computer programmer. Many work processing and other application software packages include Web page authoring features that assist in the development of basic Web pages. Microsoft Office 2000 products, for example, provide easy-to-use tools that enable users to create Web pages and incorporate items such as bullets, frames, backgrounds, lines, database tables, worksheets, and graphics into the Web pages (Shelly Cashman Series ® Microsoft Word 2000 Project 2). Web page authoring software packages enable the development of more sophisticated Web pages that might include video, sound, animation, and other special effects. Both new and experienced users can create fascinating Web sites with Web page authoring software.

A view form

Though a ceremony like the one of the Northern Ojibwa may seem extreme, I understand Cooley's position. It is a way to go out with honor and pride with respect from his people. Nobody wants to leave this life needing someone to take care of them, such as changing their diapers, feeding them, or bathing them. There is a level of pride is justifiable with old age. Believe there is dignity in knowing how to accept the help from others when it is needed. A few years ago, was present when my grandfather, Blair, passed away. He lived a full life and was an honest man.He was happily married for 65 years and raised four intelligent, loving children. The day he past the whole family was at the hospital. Even though the emotions were high, my grandfather's calming aura settled in the room. Believe my grandfather know he was going out with dignity as his children stood around him honoring his life while he was taking his last breath. I did not realize how much I look up and admire my grandfathe r's life. The last couple months of his life he spent in a nursing home. He graciously accepted the much needed help. Like every other stage in life aging is a process.I believe many people in old age move from a place of denial of their capabilities to a place of acceptance of their limitations. Cooley suggests that there is a time when every aging person experiences the limitations and aliments of one's own body. In his essay he shares an experience he has when he almost got into a car accident. The other man gets out of the car ready to fight but walks away once he saw Cooley was an older man. Cooley did not want to accept that maybe it was the old age that was causing him to be more weary behind the wheel. In the allowing paragraph he goes on to describe a woman offering him a seat on the bus.He initially declines the offer. As this scenario continues throughout the years he eventually takes the offer and is glad he could rest. These two experiences Cooley shares clearly shows h is slow process into acceptance. Initially, he was in denial and angry that someone thought of him as old and unable to function properly behind the wheel. Then, years later he accepts the offer for a seat on the bus. Cooley's process reminds me of one of my own. When my parents told me that they were â€Å"cutting me off' and expected e to be fully self-sufficient, I went through a similar process.At first was in complete denial that my parents would actually do such a thing until they refused to give me money. Was angry and thought it to be unfair. I was very unhappy for a while until accepted my situation and embraced my independence. At this point in my life, I am currently creating a life for my future. I am just beginning to form my personal identity for who I am and who am going to be. We as humans, spend years even decades shaping who we are and making meaningful, identifiable attachments to the world around us.Aging individuals are remembered for their careers, accomplishm ents, and successes. Once they arrive to the final stage of life, with less to look forward to, they struggle to keep the idea of who they used to be alive. Cooley mentions, â€Å"the men and Women envy are those who accept Old age as a series of new challenges. † I believe that this is Cooley expressing his inability to let go of his old capabilities. I believe it is crucial to be able to let go of who you use to be and focus on who you are in the present moment. I struggled a lot with letting my old self go. A recovering addict and while Vive been clean, have had difficulty identifying who I am as a person with my past actions. I gained so much freedom from closing the door on my past but remembering those experiences to strengthen my future. For many, trying to maintain one's old identity is an unfortunate reality, but there are those that embrace the new challenges of old age. Cooley's essay, â€Å"A View from 8(Y' gave me an entire new standpoint on aging people. After reflecting on his essay, I came to understand the trials and tribulations that the elderly experience.

Five Forces Analysis-US Express Mail Industry Essay

Question 1 asked to complete a five forces analysis of the US Express Mail Industry. A five forces analysis is done to rate the attractiveness of an industry. Threat of new entry is low because the barriers to entry are high. Newcomers to the industry would require an enormous amount of up front capital to set up the distribution networks and infrastructure, such as establishing hubs, and acquiring aircraft and a large amount of ground transportation vehicles (vans, trucks, ect). Economies of scale are significant and would deter new firms from entering because initial sales volumes would be low do to the fact that existing brands already have strong brand identification, and there are no cost advantages to entering, like government subsidiaries or favorable locations. There would also be aggressive reaction from the three main players (FedEx, UPS, Airborne) since the level of rivalry is already so high. Buyer power (customers consisting of businesses and the general public) is high mainly because the large volume of customers have no brand loyalty in the express mail industry. Customers base their selection of a carrier on reliability, price, and convenience and there is not much product differentiation in any of those areas between carriers so customers can bounce around between carriers, essentially playing the competitors against each other, forcing prices down and demanding higher quality and services. Supplier power is high overall. The main inputs, or supplies, for the express mail industry are fuel, airports, aircraft, ground transportation, and the employees. The employees are unionized and have the power to demand higher wages and benefits, they may not always get that, but then there is the potential for strikes, like with UPS, which costs UPS $700 million in revenues and hurt their reputation. Fuel is another supplier power that is high. Fuel is a key component and there is limited bargaining when it comes to negotiating fuel prices. Another key product is the airports, there are only a few in each major city, and the carriers have to go where they have to go, hitting those hubs in major cities, thus causing there to be little bargaining power with airports. The airports and the aircraft suppliers aren’t only relying on the express mail industry, so that also gives those suppliers more power to charge what they want (landing fees, cost of planes). Ground transportation vehicles is the only input that would allow for more bargaining power since there are numerous alternatives available, there is more room for the  industry players to negotiate price. The availability of substitutes is medium mainly because there aren’t a large number of substitutes out there for express mail outside of the industry. Most next day deliveries are business documents, parcels, letters, ect, not typically cargo. So substitutes could include email and faxes, both are faster and cheaper than express mailing. Depending on the nature of the business, video conferencing or the old fashion telephone could be used. If the parcel is going somewhere local maybe could use bike messengers, or just hand deliver. There are also the second tier players, like RPS, DHL and TNT, while they are still in the delivery industry; they tend to specialize in areas other than express mail. With RPS, it is second day service at 40-50% less, and a business that does a large amount of overseas or international express shipments may want to substitute with DHL or TNT, who specialize and differentiate themselves in the international market. The Intensity of rivalry is high. The domestic express mail industry only consists of three major firms, UPS, FedEx, and Airborne, and six second tier firms, such as DHL, RPS, and the U.S. Postal Service so there isn’t a high level of concentration. The big three make up 85% of the U.S. express mail market. There is intense competition, when one company lowers prices, so does another, leading to price wars. When one company improves it technology or offers more service, so do the others, leading to difficulty in differentiating products. Fixed costs are high (planes, hubs, transportation) and when fixed costs are high it causes companies to want to reduce prices in order to sell more and generate more revenue, but the revenues have not kept up with falling prices and has caused the industry growth to be slow so the companies are all fighting for market share. The exit barriers are also high, financially and non-financially. Financially because of the enormous amount of capital that has been invested (fleets of planes and/or trucks, set up of the distribution networks and infrastructures), and non-financially, mainly due to social costs. People conduct business everyday and rely on urgent delivery of time sensitive information (documents, contracts, and perishables like medical samples) and not having the services of the express mail industry to deliver those time sensitive parcels could cripple the economy, for example when UPS when on strike for 16 days, there was a â€Å"noticeable disruption† to the economy as a whole. So in conclusion, based upon this analysis, the US Express Mail Industry in terms of profitability is very unattractive and would be considered unattractive by any firms considering entering as well.

MTV Case Swot Analysis Essays

MTV Case Swot Analysis Essays MTV Case Swot Analysis Essay MTV Case Swot Analysis Essay Because of MTV’s connection to popular culture, it attracts the young adult population, who are some of the strongest money spenders, to be their number one demographic of viewers. It is effortless for young adults to be loyal to MTV because it shows them what they want, such as coverage on music, lifestyle, fashion, and film. Having the loyalty of the young adult population is very important to MTV’s success because this demographic is typically known for being trendsetters in popular culture. Its first-mover advantage in the industry also played a huge role in establishing and maintaining a connection with the youth audience. This dominance over the young adult population has led cable networks and advertisers to have a high demand for advertising on MTV, which is another one of their strengths. Advertisers are eager to gain advertising slots during MTV’s most sought after programs such as the MTV music awards. Many companies, such as Burger King and Foot Locker, have sponsored MTV so that they can reach out to young adults across the country. Because MTV lead to the success of many artists, many of them hope to be affiliated with MTV so that they will continue to be relevant in today’s pop culture. This is another strength for MTV because it’s alliance with so many celebrities is another factor of why they have such a strong following in the young adult market. MTV has been successful in its expansion into the global market because it localizes itself to fit the interests of its audience. Its mergers with companies such as the Philippines’ National Broadcasting Company has also made them more relevant to the local culture. MTV has become a global brand through its expansion to China, Europe, India, and other places around the world. MTV’s support for political and social causes, such as the 2004 presidential elections or relief for Hurricane Katrina, has made it more even more relevant to viewers across the country. This has led to their influence and power in entertainment media. Another strength is that the MTV network has various channels that as a whole cater to an even broader demographic. For example, they own Nickelodeon, which is a channel primarily for children, or they own BET, which focuses on African-American music and entertainment. Weaknesses MTV continuously risks losing its dominating position because it solely serves momentary on-demand interests. This is difficult because it means that MTV must constantly find out what these interests are and be the first to expand them no matter how fast they might change. Because cable television offers several other alternatives, MTV must work even harder to continually grasp the attention of its audience. Another weakness that MTV has is the fact that their many cultural misunderstandings have led to them have difficulties reaching local audiences. In order to better reach these local audiences, it must use advertising and branding that is more appropriate to their culture. Opportunities MTV saw many of its competitors as opportunities as opposed to threats. When competitors such as BET, The Box, or VH1 gained large success across the country, MTV sought to purchase these companies and add them to their MTV networks unit, which has increased MTV’s revenue significantly. The digital age has also presented MTV with an opportunity to expand its market. Merging with mobile and Internet companies could lead to a wider distribution of their products. Also, a lot of MTV’s success has come from being a channel that is interactive with its users, so technology could add to their success by allowing them to hold polls for the VMA’s (Video Music Awards) on their mobile phones, for example. Globalization has also been a huge opportunity for MTV to expand into emerging markets, such as BRIC countries, Brazil, India, and China. For instance, the 12-34 age group, MTV’s target market, accounts for nearly two-thirds of Asia’s population. Increasing advertising in these countries also provides MTV with an opportunity to increase its advertising revenue. Threats Although MTV has bought out many of its competitors, it still has a lot of competition to face against companies such as FuseTV. New technologies that have emerged in recent time have led to the creation of even more channels that MTV has to compete against. Also, MTV initially had a hard time providing international local cultures with program material that would be of interest to them. Instead, they provided them with English speaking channels and American music without thinking that they might enjoy something that is more in line with their cultures. Although MTV has since done a better job of catering to those local cultures, many different countries such as Germany had created their own local music channels by then that started to compete with MTV. Those countries have a familiarity with the local audiences that MTV doesn’t and needs to have, giving those local music channels a competitive advantage. Also, another threat to MTV’s success is the fact that their advertising revenue has started to decrease ever since cable networks have started to lose their appeal. Because an increasing number of people are using digital cable to watch their shows and skip ads or watching shows online, advertisers are spending less money on advertising on MTV. MTV’s late addition of their online site has also put them behind on making money from online advertising. MTV’s dominance over the 12-34 market can be a threat to them as well because they, the MTV Generation, are growing old and will soon be uninterested in this channel since it largely caters to the youth. MTV needs to find a new market to please as this generation gets older, and it is a threat to their success that the young adult stage is a very short-lived stage in a person’s life. Young adult’s interests are also extremely quick to change, which could make it difficult for MTV to effectively keep up with them.

SCADA Worm Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SCADA Worm - Case Study Example It is as well the first worm which encompasses a programmable logic controller (PLC) root kit. Additionally, in the beginning Stuxnet worm dispersed without rhyme or reason; however, it incorporated a high level and sophisticated malware payload that was particularly designed to target Siemens supervisory control and data acquisition (or simply SCADA) systems that are intended to manage and observe detailed industrial procedures. In this scenario, Stuxnet infects PLCs by weakening the Step-7 software system that is employed to reprogram these systems (O'Murchu, 2012; Keizer, 2009; John, 2010; Masood, Um-e-Ghazia, & Anwar, 2011). This paper discusses the impact and the vulnerability of the SCADA/Stuxnet Worm in the critical infrastructure of the United States. This paper will also discuss some of the important methods to mitigate the vulnerabilities. This research will investigate the levels of responsibility between government agencies and the private sector for mitigating threats an d vulnerabilities. Vulnerability of the SCADA This section outlines some of the major vulnerabilities regarding SCADA. Various research studies have shown that a range of vulnerabilities still exist inside SCADA systems. In this scenario, the majority of extensively publicized security based attacks on SCADA systems have taken place over the past few years as well as a large number of reports have been produced confidentially and publicly admitting issues and challenges securing similar systems. For example, SCADA system’s major vulnerability revealed itself when Japanese groups purportedly attacked control systems organizing commuter trains. Another major vulnerability attack was the Slammer worm that immobilized a security monitoring arrangement at Davis-Besse nuclear power plant located in the Oak Harbor, Ohio in the year 2003 (Swan, 2012; Fidler, 2011; Rebane, 2011). In addition, there are so many other instances of this attack, for instance a major vulnerability taking p lace due to an illegal intrusion through a previous, disgruntled worker into a worldwide chemical corporation attempting to cause damage. In the same way, Ira Winkler’s security based vulnerability instance in SCADA happened while conducting experiments at a power corporation network that was so flourishing that the test had to be stopped. Another major vulnerability in SCADA was identified due to the Sobig computer virus that influenced the CSX train signaling arrangement in the year 2003. Additionally, the disruption in collaboration and communication happened in Worcester, Massachusetts Air Traffic Communications system in 1997. SCADA vulnerability also happened due to foreign actors, where a cyber attacked a United States water plant in an obvious effort to achieve access as well as probably control of the significant corporate arrangement. In addition, the latest Stuxnet Worm that spreads extensively searching for exact SCADA applications and systems, supposedly attackin g Iran’s Natanz nuclear arrangement, allegedly reasoning 1,000 centrifuges to spin out of control (Swan, 2012; Fidler, 2011; Rebane, 2011). Moreover, these above stated different vulnerabilities could have taken place due to some of the reasons (Swan, 2012; Fidl

The World's Poorest Countries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The World's Poorest Countries - Assignment Example Countries with GDP per capita of $765 or lesser than that are declared to be the poor countries (The 10 poorest countries of the world, n. d) According to International monetary fund and the CIA world factbook, Zimbabwe was declared as the poorest country in the world in the year 2010. The study of the list of poorest country in the world also brings into notice that among the top 10 poorest country in the world, 9 of them are from the region of Africa which reflects the vulnerability of the African region. The table below shows the list of the top 10 poorest countries along with their respective GDP during the year 2010 as declared by the International monitory fund. Countries Annual GDP per- capita (in $) Zimbabwe 0.1 Democratic republic of Congo 334 Liberia 379 Burundi 401 Somalia 600 Niger 736 Eritrea 739 Sierra Leone 747 Afghanistan 800 (Top 10 poorest countries in the world 2010, 2010) Poverty is reigning in most of the countries. The causes underlying the poverty are varied in nature. It is not always the people who are responsible for the predicament. The governments of the country play a major role in framing policies which leads to the successful development, whereas failure from their behalf makes the people suffer for years. The leaders of the developed countries are also responsible as their external influences often make the government of poor countries helpless and results in unequal rules of trade. Structural adjustment has been one of the prime causes of poverty. To attract the investment form the developed nations, poor countries try to reduce the wage structure and provide cheaper resources but ultimately it results in the degradation of the economy and increases the poverty level among the people.... The study of the various socio economic conditions of the poorer nations reveals the fact that the opportunity of free trade is not present in the countries. The important factor required in the success of the free trade lies in the fact that the nations entering into the free trade should possess skills and resource to produce cost effective goods and services with which they can trade with other countries. It has been portrayed that the absence of adequate capital, labor and infrastructure prevails in most of the countries. The paper studies in detail about the various aspects of the poorer countries and studies whether any possibility of free trade exists among the poorer nations. The option of free trade would have definitely helped the countries to recover from their overall financial crisis, but the preliminary requirements of entering into the free trade are absent among the countries as highlighted in the study. It is recommended that the poorer nations should prevent them from entering into the free trade agreements unless and until they have the necessary infrastructure and they improve on their core sectors of the economy. If the countries decide to enter into free trade, it would become much more vulnerable for them instead of helping their situation. However the countries should make a strong effort in improving their conditions so that they are in a position to enter free trade as it will really provide an added advantage to them in the days to come. Help from the developed nations of the wo rld are also required for the promotion of free trade among the poorer nations.

Leadership and Sustainability Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership and Sustainability - Assignment Example In fact, leaders have come under consideration to be the most substantial elements for the organization and its success. This is because leaders are the people who implement and bring into practice the new strategies and methodologies, as these new techniques or the innovations are the prospective features that facilitate the organizations to accomplish constructive financial outcomes and overall profitability (Gallos, pp. 1-10). Leadership likewise has also come under observation as a process, rather than a trait or a characteristic. However, leadership has come under definition by its promoters as â€Å"process of  social influence  in which one person is able to enlist the aid and  support  of others in the accomplishment of a common  task† (Chamorro-Premuzic, pp. 144). In addition, it also refers to gather, systematize, and manage a cluster of population that can work towards the accomplishment of a shared and widespread goal. The leaders have the ability to infl uence others in a way that they respond willingly to the leader. Besides, it has also come under notice that leaders regulate their leadership style with reference to the situations as well as to the directed people (Chamorro-Premuzic, pp. 143-148). ... Nevertheless, extensive studies suggests that the current leadership styles is immense, colossal, complicated and multifaceted that is in a constant process of magnification. In fact, more and more companies nowadays are looking to sustainability leadership as the core competency in the competition (Pride & Hughes &  Kapoor, pp. 179-186). Scholars even view the fact that patterns of thoughts and actions are not the only attributes that comes under leadership styles, as it is something more than that. However, according to few of the authors, leadership style has come under reference as the method or approach that a leader leads that include his or her communication style and skills of leadership, the way of practicing power and authority, and the impact of these techniques on others (Pride & Hughes &  Kapoor, pp. 179-186). Researchers even bring into limelight that leadership styles lay its foundation on several frameworks, despite the fact that they indicate different and divers e viewpoints, yet the core and fundamental principal behind all continue to portray the same meaning. Empirical studies in the wake of the leadership styles not only illustrate the affiliation and liaison between various factors that support leadership styles, organizational culture and the demands of its environment, but also depict the effects on the performance of the organization (Pride & Hughes &  Kapoor, pp. 179-186). While looking at diverse types of leadership, every sort of leadership works and proves to be efficient, but only in certain cases, where the organization’s business functions and operations are the key responsible elements in determining which

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Maria Montessori Language Arts Rationale - Essay Example A child learns to listen by hearing the various sounds that the adults around him and also learns to speak by imitating the various sounds that the adults make around him.as Maria Montessori said: There are three main areas where children are prepared for reading and writing. The first is physical skills where a child learns to balance using their hands and coordination of the hand and the eye works. The child also learns to concentrate and focus on the practical issues of life, recognizing sizes and shapes, working with paints, crayons, pencils and practice in talking. The second skill that a child learns is the mental skills where the child learns to absorb and how to use language and how to learn the sounds that each letter of the alphabet makes. This can be made easy by playing games to break up words into sounds (Montessori, 2010). The third skills are the social skills where people living in homes sit down and have conversations instead of watching the television or using the computer to learn language. A directress would know that a child is ready to learn a sound if they try to repeat what has been said to them by an adult around them. The child will also be making sounds on their own that they have heard before. Sounds are taught to children by repeating the sounds over and over until the child is able to differentiate it from other sounds. In learning the different sounds, he child is taught the various sounds of the different letters of the alphabet. There are different rules for the letters and children are very receptive towards rules. Therefore, they are first taught the rules than the different sounds of the letters of the alphabet (Montessori, 1909). The child is taught the phonetic words first and once they have mastered the phonetic part of the alphabets, they are next taught the non-phonetic part of the language where there are no rules whatsoever. A child learns to blend sounds by learning the individual

Organizational Behavior: A Case Study of PCCW Company

Organizational Behavior: A Case Study of PCCW Company Introduction With the numerous changes brought about by the surroundings, machinery, financial system, political affairs, and the general public, changes in the organization must be taken note of in order to deal with the varying demands of the workforce and the clients. In this output-oriented society and generation, every organization must have the skills, capabilities, endurance, and the strategies to be able to meet the demands and the needs of their market. As such, the continuous changes that organizations must undergo may be considered as their only edge in order to cope with the overall changes observed in the society. Thus, appropriate change management must be done in a company to effectively and efficiently facilitate and govern the changes needed by organizations. In the objective of PCCW for market extension, protect its position, and create strategic agreements with other Asian companies, it has borrowed greatly to finance the $38 billion bid for Hong Kong Telecom, which resulted to its debt of US$4 billion. Further decline of its performance is brought about by its lack of confidence in the debt repayment plans among stockholders (Darlington and Cooke, 2000), which contributed to its standing as the worst performing blue-chip company on the list of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2002 and 2003 (PCCW, 2007). In addition to its debt and change in ownership and management are the increasing pressures of competition among the industry. It has been reported that in August 2000, there were 165 external telecommunications services operators and 187 Internet market service providers. The increase in competition led to another cause of the companys problems, which is the existence of monopoly for domestic fixed telephony. This became a major blow fo r the company, as many telephone operators no longer need the gateways and local networks provided by PCCW (Darlington and Cooke, 2000). Furthermore, another basis of its problems is the decrease of its staffs and labor force, which donate to the decline of its operations. An additional cause is the failure of the bid between the company and China, for at the time, China resisted to make consultation with a company that is allied to the Singapore government, which also became the basis of the problems of the Sing Tels bid in the past (Greenlees, 2006).   Additionally, the problem for the company is the generally failing revenues in Hong Kong, with its failure to make considerable advancement to the China mainland. With this, heavy investment in communications all through East Asia must be required before the full potential of PCCW can be appreciated (Darlington and Cooke, 2000).    External Change Driver The PEST Analysis sets up an efficient exploration of the peripheral impacts on a precise company by infringement of the components into indispensable and perceptible elements or factors. The obvious essentials under this type of analysis include Political, Economic, Sociological, and Technological elements. Political factors include the limitations in the policies of the Chinese government with regards to company consultations and mergers; the governments choice of companies outside the country, with which it would make discussions with; distinctive pre-eminence in Chinas legal system; influence of British legal system in Hong Kongs international financial transactions. Economic elements comprise the progress and underdevelopment of infrastructures in East Asia; telecommunications monopoly; debt of PCCW; dollar inflation and deflation rates; financial crises; crumple of asset prices; rate of economic growth. Sociological factors include PCCWs variance with customers that are major stockholders; unemployment; changes in communication, marketing and management; retaining separate superiority over human capital, language, rivalry and challenge. Effects of e-commerce to PCCW; improvement and enhancement of its website; operation and maximization of the Internet; faster negotiations, development of new ultra-modern tools, enhancement of RD through the Internet Internal Change Driver   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the inner alteration drivers of PCCW is the change in its possession, along with the adjustment in its supervision and its executive culture. The culture was then distorted with the amendment in the personnel. Subsequent to the acquirement, most of the staffs working in CW HKT are now employees in PCCW. This led to the change in the customs of the company, from a conventional, seniority-based, and non-market driven, it twisted to a powerfully spirited, performance-based, and customer-focused company. Another internal driver is the modification in the companys main concern. The quality of service is now the companys primary alarm, and the company has been investing millions of dollars in excellence and customer service training. The third internal driver is the change in internal processes (Hatch, 2006). Such changes in internal processes include implementing diverse quality programs, including quality improvement teams and six sigma programs. These changes in the culture of the company brought about the companys reorganization procedure, for instance changing the divisions from a cost-center to a profit-center, thus, making all employees aggravated to make negotiations and business dealings (Cable and Wireless: Jobs Surveys, 2003).   In line with the companys agenda for change, several aspects in the organization can be taken note of, namely, its strategy, structure, processes, and people. In relation to its strategy, PCCW provides solutions for port management, security and CCTV systems, audio and visual solutions, and technical support and maintenance services to various sectors in the industry, such as governments, public services, aviation, and broadcast engineering operations. In addition, it re-entered the mobile market, collaborated with real estate and broadband companies, and improved its telephone directories. In terms of structure, the contribution of its large team of professionals, experiences and knowledge in the IT industry provide excellent ICT solutions that would help customers develop innovative and challenging business opportunities. In terms of processes, the company facilitates outstanding innovation, especially in terms of IP-based business services, New Generation Fixed Line services, broadband pay-TV, Internet access, media content, large-scale IT solutions, mobility, and wireless innovations. In terms of people, it has approximately 17,000 employees, located in different parts of the globe, including mainland China, South America, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Europe, the United States, India, and the Middle East (Company Profile, 2008).    Assessment on the Style of Leadership/Management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As mentioned earlier, the management of PCCW was transformed from a conservative, seniority-based, and non-market driven, to a strongly competitive, performance-based, and customer-focused company. From this transformation alone, it can be stated that the style of leadership in PCCW is a Proactive style of leadership. This is because a proactive leader focuses on achieving performance outcomes of his or her team and shares a vision, which compels the team to move towards that vision or goal (Holmes, 2008). However, the presence of conflicts and resistance on the part of the employees may indicate that the type of leadership or management they experience from the company might not be sufficient to fulfill or satisfy their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If PCCW Limited did not take any action regarding their problems, a domino effect of negative events would happen. Its debts would further increase, which would afford the company to sell their assets and resources in order to make up for the debts it have in other companies. Resignation of managers would also be another effect of a no change strategy. The increase in debts would lead to further loss of company assets, and later on, to further loss of human resources. Due to the lack of adequate resources and assets, there would the delay, inefficiency, and ineffectiveness of processes and operations in the company that would lead to the decline with the number of its customers, as becoming less satisfied. The loss of customers leads to the loss of profit, thus, resulting to bankruptcy and immediate closing of the company. Proposed Change Strategy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has been identified that one of the problems of the company is the lack of infrastructure development in East Asia, which hinders the development of the company. With this, the company must not wait for the development of the region, but must try to find alternative solutions and materials that would suit its processes and the trend of infrastructure in Hong Kong. If the company is bold enough, it can initiate in setting the trend in the city in terms of infrastructure development, given the right resources and the right skills and expertise. In order to do so, the company can invest in its Research Development in its quest to find new supplies and materials. Another proposed change is the implementation of performance management strategies that would help develop and improve the overall performance of the organization. Since the management of PCCW has already been transformed into a performance-based management, performance management of the employees must be done in order to help guide them with their tasks and responsibilities in the organization. This is because performance management serves to focus the efforts and attention of employees in critical tasks using performance feedback (Bernardin and Russell, 1993). This would then allow the employees to gain more knowledge and develop new skills in relation to their work in the company. Another change strategy is the implementation and use of Information Technology or Information Systems, which would facilitate in the organization and information retrieval in the company and in effective communication. Through the use of an IT or IS, the company would be able to organize its customer database that would allow it to have an effective and efficient product inventory, customer follow-ups, and evaluate customer feedbacks for product improvement. Lastly, the organization can improve its operations strategies through the improvement of its supply chain. In the management of its supply chain, both the suppliers and the corporation would be able to have a successful and well-organized affiliation, thus, preventing the impediment of provisions and resources considered necessary by the organization (Robbins, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First and foremost, the realization of the change program would certainly elevate confrontation among the employees and managers of the organization. The sources and the apparent impacts of this resistance were already mentioned in the earlier discussions. Resistance to change of the employees leads to inflexibility and lack of support, ensuing to the delay of the change process and in internal processes and operations. Second issue to take note of is the differences in the preferences of the management and leadership styles of managers in the organization, consequential to varied inter-departmental cultures and practices. Due to such differences, employees would be having a rigid time dealing with other employees, which can be a promising source of conflicts. Third issue is the possibility of needing to lay off employees or reassigning them to new job positions that may require new skills, technologies, and knowledge. This may also le ad to grave threats and conflicts in the organization. Fourth issue is the need for reformation in the departments that may or may not be contributory to the welfare of employees. Fifth issue is the adequacy of resources, which would be essential in sustaining the needs of the company. Finally, the execution of new policies would be a concern for PCCW (Simon, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the argument, it can be apparent that in order for a company to experience and execute a change program, it must be proficient in taking note of different interior and exterior issues that would present an assortment of impacts to the employees and the performance of the organization itself. As such, an efficient organizational change process would consist of important elements including its external environment, internal processes and operations, the welfare of employees, the support of top management, and the satisfaction and demands of customers. Putting each constituent in synchronization and concord would perhaps guarantee a successful adjustment procedure.

Intestinal Neoplasia Model Essay examples -- Biology,

The mammalian intestinal tract is structurally a tube that is divided into two segments: the small and large intestine. The inner wall consists of a simple epithelium called mucosa, which is responsible for the processing and absorption of nutrients (Sancho et al., 2003; Barker et al., 2008). The small intestine epithelium is folded into finger-like protrusions, called villi, directed toward the lumen; the valleys are invaginations into the sub-mucosa and are known as the crypts. In the large intestine, the mucosa lacks villi, and the crypts invaginate deep into the sub-mucosa. There are four distinctive, differentiated cell types in the mucosa to mediate the functions of the intestinal epithelium: enterocyte (EC), goblet cells (GC), enteroendocrine (EE), and Paneth cells (PC) (Radtke and Clevers, 2005; Barker et al., 2008). ECs are absorptive, and the others have secretory function. The epithelium renews its cells after every 4-5 days and is fueled by proliferative stem cells residi ng at the bottom of the crypt. In mammals, swallowed food passes through the esophagus to the stomach, where food accumulates and digestion proceeds; it then moves to the small intestine for nutrient absorption and later to the large intestine for further nutrient, water and electrolyte absorption. Finally, it reaches the rectum and anus for excretion (Thompson and Malagelada, 1981). Like mammalian intestine, Drosophila intestines also have similar tissue architecture and physiological function (Rubin, 2007). Developmentally, both the mammalian gut and Drosophila midgut are of endothelial in origin (Kedinger et al., 1987; Tepass and Hartenstein 1994). They comprise an epithelial monolayer of columnar or cuboidal cells called enterocytes. To maximize i... ...gle (E blast cell) lineage, is made of 20 cells arranged to form a tube with a central lumen. Each of these cell pairs forms an intestinal ring (II-IX int-rings). The most anterior intestinal ring (int ring I), is made of four cells. The apical surfaces of the intestinal cells carry numerous microvilli. In C. elegans, intestine carries out multiple functions that are executed by distinct organs of higher eukaryotes. The primary function of intestinal cells seems to be digestive since they secrete digestive enzymes (e. g. cysteine protease, endodeoxyribonuclease) into the lumen and take up processed material and nutrients. Intestine also seems to be a large storage organ since it contains a large number of assorted storage granules (White J., 1988)). The intestinal contents are excreted to the outside via a rectal valve that connects the gut to the rectum and anus.